7th Obesity & Endocrinology Specialists Congress October 10- 12, 2016 Manchester, UK

Biography:

Thais Cesar is an Associate Professor of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil. She has a BS in Biology and PhD in Food Science and Nutrition from University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. She did Post-doctoral at the Boston University and at the Citrus and Subtropical Products Research Laboratory, ARS-USDA. Her scientific focus is investigating the nutritional and metabolic properties of citrus fruits in clinical studies and animal models, regarding the effect of its bioactive compounds as a protection factor against the development of chronic diseases

Abstract:

We have evaluated the effect of regular consumption of orange juice in body composition and biochemical variables. The subjects of this study were obese men and women (36.3±0.8 y) who were submitted to an energy-restricted diet for 12 weeks. They had normal blood serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose, and were randomly divided into 2 parallel groups. Group 1 (n=39) had an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal/d) and Group 2 (n=39) had the same energy-restricted diet supplemented with orange juice (500 mL/d). The assessment of body composition (weight, BMI, fat mass, waist and hip circumference and ratio) were performed at week 0 and every 2 weeks until the end of the 12-week trial period. Evaluations of biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and CRPu) were performed 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. After the treatment, individuals undergoing only energy-restricted diet had a reduction in body composition parameters as well as biochemical parameters. In addition, individuals who also regularly consumed orange juice showed lower levels of blood serum cholesterol (-20%), LDL-C (-19%), CRPu (-49 %), insulin (-27%) and HOMA-IR (-33%). In conclusion, orange juice enhanced the effects of energy-restricted diet improving both lipid and glucose metabolism, showing that it is suitable for weight loss purposes as well as for the improvement of the biochemical profile of obese individuals.

Biography:

Deborah A Christel completed her PhD in 2010 from Oregon State University and focuses her research on plus-size apparel and weight bias. She is an Assistant Professor at Washington State University in the Department of Apparel Merchandising, Design and Textiles.

Abstract:

Over the past decade participation in physical activity for adult women has decreased while body size has increased. Overweight and obese individuals are considered the majority demographic in the United States; however, plus-sized clothing sales are minimal in comparison to other segments. Furthermore, there is little known about the clothing practices of obese women who engage in physical activity. The current study addresses this research gap by exploring obese heterosexual women’s clothing practices for exercise, with an emphasis on what women wear, their perceived choices, alternatives and satisfaction. Lowe and Anspach’s notion of freedom of dress was the guiding conceptual framework for in-depth interviews with (n=56) obese women. A majority of the women perceived having limited freedom in dress, and reported cross-dressing in men’s clothing to engage in physical activity, which resulted in a perceived lack of gender expression. Cross-dressing is wearing clothing of the opposite sex and gender expression; it is a way in which a person acts to communicate gender within a given culture. Women in this study indicated and the authors discuss that as clothing size increases, perceived freedom in dress decreases. In order to increase freedom in dress, our participants tended to believe that it is their personal responsibility to lose weight

Biography:

Codjo H Leopold has completed his PhD and Post-doctoral studies from Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de Cotonou. He is the Head of the Cardiology Unit of Departmental Teaching Hospital of Borgou (North Bénin). He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute (cardiovascular Journal of Africa, annales de l’université de Parakou, British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research).

Abstract:

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight among adolescents in public schools in the city of Parakou.

Methods: It was a descriptive and analytical cross sectional study with prospective data collection from 7 December 2015 to 31 March 2016. Were included, students regularly enrolled in public secondary public schools of Parakou, aged 10 to 18 who received the written consent of their parents. The selection of students was done in a three degree random sampling technique. Overweight was defined by body mass index, according to BMI curves of the World Health Organization. The threshold values ​​provided by the NHANES III were used to define abdominal obesity. The blood glucose and lipids were performed by enzymatic colorimetric methods on specimens from patients fasted for at least 6 hours. Other variables were blood pressure, eating habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity.

Results: A total of 422 students including 259 girls were identified. The mean age was 15.22±2.27 years. The prevalence of overweight was 27.96% (95% CI [23.78%-32.55%]), while that of obesity was 18.48% (95% CI [14.96%-22.55%]). Abdominal obesity was at 10.19% (95% CI [7.55%-13.58%]). The majority (95.35%) of students with abdominal obesity was overweight. Metabolic syndrome was observed in 5.45% (95% CI [3.24%-7.56%]). The factors significantly associated with overweight were the female sex, age ≥15 years, high blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia.

Conclusion: These data from a poor country like Benin revealed a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in schools. Preventive measures need to be taken.

Biography:

Salimé Das has been doing a PhD research at the University of Mons since September 2015. She is a Psychologist and works with children and adult people. She has carried out oral communication in France and presented some posters in Belgium and France.

Abstract:

Some studies have shown that obese children can suffer from psychic life in a medical and psychic perspective, but so far no study has analyzed the individual, familial and academic axes simultaneously. The objective of this research is then to take these 3 axes together into account. Variables will be collected in 8-12 year-old-children data and mothers data in 90 dyads mothers/children groups: Participants were assigned to 3 conditions: Obese, overweight and control. Research hypotheses supposed that there will be differences between the 3 groups and psychic suffering from obesity and overweight dyads in the studied variables, which are: Self-esteem, body-esteem, anxiety, depression, alexithymia and social support. Results will be obtained by questionnaires and interviews and will be analyzed with a statistical method and qualitative analysis. First results and case-studies will be presented as preliminary results.

Biography:

Ononamadu C.J is obtained hos B.Sc and M.Sc in Applied Biochemistry in 2008 and 2012, respectively, he also obtained a certificate in quantitative methods in clinical and public health researches. He is currently doing his PhD research work on Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia and Oxidative stress.

Abstract:

Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor of hypertension and some other cardiometabolic disorders. However, the best anthropometric index of obesity that predicts hypertension and related conditions remains controversial and inconclusive owing to some factors.

Objective: This study compared the performances of eight (8) anthropometric measures of obesity- Body Mass Index (BMI), Ponderal Index (PI), Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), Waist- Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist–Height Ratio (WHtR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and Conicity Index (CI) in predicting risk of hypertension and prehypertension.

Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria from 2012-2013. A total of nine hundred and twelve persons (436 male and 476 female) drawn from three (3) major cities (Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi) in the state participated in the study. Information on demography and life style were obtained using a well-structured and validated questionnaire. The Systolic/Diastolic Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken by well-trained personnels. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Logistic Regression, Poisson regression and Receiver Operative Curve (ROC) analysis.

Result: The mean values of all the anthropometric indices studied increased from Normotension, through Prehypertension to Hypertension in both sexes. BMI, WC, HC and CI were significantly higher (p<0.05) in males than the females. All the anthropometric indices studied were significantly (p<0.001 except for CI) correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. BMI, WHtR, WC and PI (with  higher correlation coefficients for Blood pressure) were the  best predictors of hypertension and prehypertension in the study - BMI (Cutoff=24.49, AUC=0.698; Cutoff=23.62; AUC=0.659), WHtR (Cutoff=0.55, AUC=0.682; Cutoff=0.5; AUC=0.636), WC (Cutoff=91.44, AUC=0.692; Cutoff=82.55; AUC=0.645), PI (Cutoff=14.45, AUC=0.670; Cutoff=13.69; AUC=0.639), in male  and BMI (Cutoff=24.44, AUC=0.622; Cutoff=28.01, AUC=0.609), WHtR (Cutoff=0.51, AUC=0.624; Cutoff=0.6; AUC=0.572), WC (Cutoff=96.62, AUC=0.616; Cutoff=96.52; AUC=0.584), PI (Cutoff=16.38, AUC=0.619; Cutoff=17.65; AUC=0.599), in female for hypertension and prehypertension respectively. In predicting hypertension risk, WC and WHtR did not perform significantly different from BMI and did not significantly improve the performance of BMI in models when added using our decision rule. While in predicting prehypertensive risk, BMI and WC were better off. CI had a very poor discriminatory power for both conditions in this study.

Conclusion: BMI, WHtR, WC and PI emerged the best predictors of hypertension risk and BMI, WC and PI for prehypertension in this study.  The anthropometric indices of Obesity, WHtR and WC did not outperform or add to the performance of the anthropometric index of general Obesity, BMI, which is the most widely used anthropometric index. Thus, we recommend the simultaneous but independent use of BMI and either of WC or WHtR for predicting hypertension and BMI and WC for prehypertension risk bearing in mind that both types of index (abdominal and general obesity) account for different form of obesity.

Biography:

Caroline Bonner has completed her PhD in 2009 from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland focusing on: Differentiation and regeneration of beta cells using genetic models of HNF1A-MODY and HNF4A-MODY. She has pursued a Post-doctoral fellowship in Translational Studies in the same laboratory (2009-2011), focusing on the discovery and validation of serum biomarkers (microRNAs and secreted proteins) in MODY patients as well as in T1D and T2D subjects. She joined EGID in 2012, where she pursued an Independent Human Translational Research Project on the transcriptional regulation of non-beta cells on pancreatic hormone and gene expression. She has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals including Nature Medicine.

Abstract:

There are 60 million people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Europe. Obesity contributes to 65-80% of new cases of T2D. T2D is a complex metabolic disorder, the pathogenesis of which is not understood. Impaired insulin sensitivity, hyperglucagonemia, endogenous glucose production and islet cell dysfunction are major traits of the disease, but the sequence of events leading to hyperglycemia remains unclear. For decades, the mechanisms by which nutrients stimulate insulin secretion have been studied extensively, whilst the neighboring alpha (which secrete glucagon) have been ignored. A renewed interest in the regulation of glucagon secretion has been re-discovered since reports of elevated glucagon levels in T2D patients, by unexplained mechanisms. We have recently discovered SGLT2, which is specifically expressed in pancreatic alpha cells. Notably, inhibition of SGLT2 with dapagliflozin resulted in a marked increase (more than 83%) of glucagon secretion at glucose concentrations of 6 mM. Given the biochemical properties of SGLT2 (Km~6 mM), these data suggested that the SGLT2 glucose transporter is very effective in preventing hypoglycemia. Importantly, human islets co-treated with 15 mM glucose and dapagliflozin had no effect on glucagon secretion, thus suggesting that there are other glucose transporters (most likely the GLUTs) present on alpha cells, which are effective in hyperglycemia. Indeed, the specific expression and function of GLUT transporter proteins in human vs. rodent islets are conflicting and confusing. So given the known increased risk for T2D, understanding the complex pathways underlying glucose transport defects and islet hormone dysfunction in human should now become a priority for European healthcare.

Biography:

Rui Azevedo Guerreiro has graduated in Medicine from NOVA Medical School in Lisbon, Portugal and is currently attending the Clinical Scholars Research Training Program from Harvard Medical School. He has worked in the Bariatric and Metabolic Diseases Surgical Unit of the Central Lisbon Hospital Centre where, together with Rui Ribeiro, president of the Portuguese Society of Bariatric Surgery and Metabolic Diseases he has developed his work on Ophthalmic Complications of Bariatric Surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity is increasing vastly in the world, and the number of bariatric surgeries being performed is also increasing. Patients being submitted to bariatric surgeries, especially malabsorptive procedures have an increased risk of developing nutrient deficiencies, which can culminate in symptomatic hypovitaminosis, if supplementation is not done correctly. The eye and the optic system need an adequate level of several vitamins and minerals to perform properly, especially vitamin A, and my presentation wants to cover the main nutrients involved, the possible ophthalmic complications that can arise by their deficiency, and the management of those complications.

Biography:

Nina Holland is a Faculty at the School of Public Health (SPH) and a Director of the SPH Bio-repository and the Children’s Environmental Health Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. She has a background in genetics with extensive experience in molecular epidemiology, cytogenetics and epigenetics. Her main scientific interest is in biomarkers of children's environmental health and the relationship of early life exposures with obesity, neurodevelopment and other health outcomes. She has been an invited speaker at many national and international meetings, and organized several symposiums on molecular epidemiology of Children’s Environmental Health and Environmental Epigenetics. She has published more than 150 papers and book chapters.

Abstract:

The prospective nature of birth cohort studies and wealth of epidemiological data and biological samples provide unique opportunities to address effects of early life exposures on health outcomes later in life. The obesity epidemic in the United States and other countries is a growing public health problem. We aimed to study the relationship of prenatal exposure to obesogens with adipokines, epigenetic modifications and life style factors, in children from birth through adolescence. Urinary phthalates and BPA were measured at 2 time points during pregnancy from 400 women participating in the CHAMACOS study, an ongoing longitudinal birth cohort of low-income Mexican-Americans living in agricultural Salinas, California. We characterized adipokines and DNA methylation in bloods collected from children at several time-points. Obesity parameters in children including BMI, waist circumference, metabolic profiles and adipokines were assessed, as were nutrition and physical activity. Over 55% of CHAMACOS children were already overweight or obese at 9 years of age, and the trend continues at 14 years. Maternal phthalates were detected in a wide range of concentrations, similar to those in other US women of child-bearing age, while BPA levels were lower. Phthalates were associated with differences in child BMI Z-score, waist circumference and adipokines while BPA was positively associated with plasma leptin in boys and adiponectin in girls. Prenatal obesogens were associated with DNA hypomethylation and other epigenetic modifications in cord blood and at age 9. Molecular markers provide insights into mechanisms of obesity development and effects of in utero exposure to endocrine disruptors.

Biography:

Dr. Mitmesser completed a PhD in Nutritional Biochemistry from the University of Nebraska and a Master’s degree from the University of Nebraska Medical Center.  She brings numerous years of industry experience and is an adjunct professor in the Department of Family Medicine at Stony Brook University.  She has published in many peer-reviewed journals and is a contributing author for numeous book chapters relating to nutrition in adult and pediatric populations.She serves on the Editorial Board of four peer-reviewed journals and is an active member of the American Society of Nutrition, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the New York Academy of Sciences.  She serves on the Senior Scientific Advisory Council for the Council for Responsible Nutrition.

Abstract:

Rapid uptake of vitamin C into blood and retention in tissues are important indicators of the efficacy of vitamin C supplementation and its immune-supporting role.  This double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluated the bioavailability of vitamin C in plasma (reflective of recent intake) and leukocytes (reflective of tissue stores on immune function) from a novel vitamin C formulation, Ester-C^®.  Thirty-six adults were randomized to receive placebo (PL, 0 mg vitamin C), ascorbic acid (AA, 1000 mg vitamin C), and Ester-C^® (EC, 1000 mg vitamin C).  Plasma and leukocyte vitamin C were measured predose and at 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours postdose.  The concentration and percent change from baseline in plasma were significantly higher with EC at all time points when compared to PL.  No significant differences between EC and AA were observed in plasma concentration.  Plasma area under the curve (AUC_0-24h) was higher for EC (P<0.001) compared to PL.  The concentration change from baseline in leukocyte vitamin C was increased with EC at 24 h post-dose (P=0.036) while no significant within-group changes were observed in AA or PL at any time point.  The percent change in leukocyte vitamin C concentration was higher for EC at 8 and 24 hours compared to AA (P=0.028 and P=0.034, respectively) and PL (P=0.042 and P=0.036, respectively).  It is concluded that a single dose of EC resulted in favorable percent change in leukocyte vitamin C concentration compared to AA and PL, indicating EC is retained longer within leukocytes.

Biography:

Maarten Bak is a Psychiatrist since 1999, trained in Maastricht University Hospital. He has completed his PhD in 2004 in “Coping with Psychosis; Blueler’s Right”. He is Director of the Medication Monitor, assessing effects and side effects of long term antipsychotic use. The side effects monitored are metabolic effects, movement disorders and sexual side effects. His scientific work centers on effect and metabolic side effects of antipsychotics. He has published over 50 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Introduction: Antipsychotics (AP) induce weight gain. However, reviews and meta-analyses generally are restricted to second generation antipsychotics (SGA) and do not stratify for duration of AP use. It is hypothesized that patients gain more weight if duration of AP use is longer.

Method: A meta-analysis was conducted of clinical trials of AP that reported weight change. Outcome measures were body weight change, change in BMI and clinically relevant weight change (7% weight gain or loss). Duration of AP-use was stratified as follows: ≤6 weeks, 6-16 weeks, 16-38 weeks and >38 weeks. Forest plots stratified by AP as well as by duration of use were generated and results were summarized in figures.

Results: 307 articles met inclusion criteria. The majority were AP switch studies. Almost all AP showed a degree of weight gain after prolonged use, except for amisulpride, aripiprazole and ziprasidone, for which prolonged exposure resulted in negligible weight change. The level of weight gain per AP varied from discrete to severe. Contrary to expectations, switch of AP did not result in weight loss for amisulpride, aripiprazole or ziprasidone. In AP-naive patients, weight gain was much more pronounced for all AP.

Conclusion: Given prolonged exposure, virtually all AP are associated with weight gain. The rational of switching AP to achieve weight reduction may be overrated. In AP-naive patients, weight gain is more pronounced.

Biography:

Deborah A Christel completed her PhD in 2010 from Oregon State University and focuses her research on plus-size apparel, functional and comfort design for obese bodies, and weight bias. She is an Assistant Professor at Washington State University in the Department of Apparel Merchandising, Design and Textiles.

Abstract:

This manuscript addresses the added value of thermography in the practice of product development of garments for post-bariatric patients and the obese. The development of new thermal technologies applied in medical settings has allowed better understanding of wound healing post-surgery. Infrared thermography is a technique that allows visualization of heat radiated from a body using infrared emission, a spectrum that is not visible to human. Used in the medical field, it can provide doctors with information about the physiological responses associated with skin temperature (Tsk) to identify possible pain symptoms. Recently, thermography has been used in product development in sport settings and is an increasingly important tool for diagnosing medical issues. The objective of this study was to establish the thermographic profile of the abdominal pannus in post-bariatric female patients. Ten post-bariatric female patients from the Pacific Northwest of the USA (53.8±9.15 years) participated in the study. Four thermal images of each patient allowed us to record minimum, maximum and average skin temperature in 3 regions of interest (Anterior, Anterior while lifting the pannus, Sagittal and Posterior). Small bilateral differences were found. Significant differences occurred under skin folds of the pannus and pubic region compared to other Tsk. Heat and sweat form excess skin and the pannus skin folds should be seriously considered in apparel product development for post-bariatric and obese populations

Biography:

Maria Fernanda Cury Boaventura has completed her PhD on Human Physiology and Post-doctoral studies from University of São Paulo. She is Professor and Researcher at Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences since 2007. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that increases the risk of several well-known co-morbidities. There is a complicated relationship between adipokines and low-grade inflammation in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity practices have beneficial health effects on obesity and related disorders such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. We investigated the effects of 6 and 12 months of moderate physical training on the levels of adipokines and CVD markers in normal weight, overweight and obese volunteers. The 143 participants were followed up at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of moderate regular exercise, 2 times a week, for 12 months. The volunteers were distributed into 3 groups: Normal weight group (NWG,), overweight group (OVG) and obese group (OBG). We evaluated blood pressure, resting heart rate, anthropometric parameters, body composition, fitness capacity (VO2max and isometric back strength), cardiovascular markers (CRP, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, homocysteine) and adipokine levels (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha). There were no significant changes in anthropometric parameters and body composition in any of the groups following 6 and 12 months of exercise training. Leptin, IL-6 levels and systolic blood pressure were significantly elevated in OBG before the training. Regular exercise decreased HDL-c, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels and diastolic blood pressure in OVG. In OBG, exercise diminished HDL-c, homocysteine, leptin, resistin, IL-6 and adiponectin. Moderate exercise had no effect on the body composition; however, exercise did promote beneficial effects on the low-grade inflammatory state and CVD clinical markers in overweight and obese individuals. 

Biography:

Maiadah has obtained her MBBS degree at the age of 24 years from the Univeristy of Dammam where she also achieved her MSc degree in endocrine physiology. She was awarded a scholarship to proceed with her higher education journey and she is currently a Ph.D. student at the university of bristol, school of clinical sciences ,United kingdom 

Abstract:

IGF-II levels in the circulation are maintained at high levels throughout life and IGF-II has been strongly linked to obesity in genetic studies but its metabolic role is still far from understood.We aim to investigate the role of IGF-II as a regulator of adipocytes and its specific effects on visceral adipocytes in relation to the differential distribution of insulin receptors between visceral and subcutaneous fat depots and the possible metabolic consequences.Matched pairs of visceral and subcutaneous pre-adipocytes were collected from biopsies of normal children undergoing routine surgery for non-malignant, non-septic conditions. These cells were grown and differentiated into mature adipocytes using a unique adipocyte cell culture system developed in our laboratory.Tritiated thymidine incorporation Assay (TTI) was used to assess cell proliferation after dosing with IGF-II in different glycaemic conditions (5 & 25 mM). Oil red O staining, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were employed to assess levels of adipogenesis markers and levels of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor isoforms.We found that IGF-II could promote proliferation of primary preadipocytes from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots and this proliferative effect was more profound in subcutaneous preadipocytes in euglycemic (5mM) conditions. Furthermore, IGF-II promoted preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes in subcutaneous preadipocytes but showed an inhibitory effect on visceral preadipocyte differentiation. Visceral adipocytes had a higher level of insulin receptors in comparison to subcutaneous preadipocytes and IGF-II caused a down regulation of insulin receptor mRNA expression that was more profound in visceral fat cells. In conclusion, IGF-II is a regulator of preadipocyte proliferation and this effect is altered by the concentration of glucose. IGF-II may have a protective role against visceral adiposity by reducing preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocytes and by reducing insulin receptor expression.

Biography:

Hellas Cena has graduated from Medical School at the age of 24 years from Pavia University in Italy with full marks and attended the 4-years Postgraduate Residency in Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition at Pavia’s University with fellowship. She is an Assistant Professor at Pavia University, Faculty of Medicine, she is head of the outpatient's laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition and  Academic Director of the master’s degree (MAS) in Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition. She has wrote 194 papers that have been either published or brought to National and International Congresses and has been serving as an editorial board member and reviwer of repute for national and international journal. 

Abstract:

Childhood obesity is a major public health issue worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions, and therefore combatting childhood obesity is a common goal among industrialized and developing countries.  Classifying obesity as a chronic disease in children and adolescents is essential in order to increase societal awareness and individual consciousness, as well as implementing targeted actions, as recently written by the European Childhood Obesity Task.Since childhood obesity is a strong predictor not only of premature development of cardiovascular diseases and other comorbid conditions, but also of psychological distress, there is serious need for improving early diagnosis and intervention.

Increasing evidence shows that early onset obesity is not only a risk factor for metabolic complications in adulthood, but it increases the risk to develop eating disorders (EDs) during adolescence. Evidences highlight that childhood obesity and self-restrictive diets should be considered as two possible predisposing factors for the development of EDs.  The prevalence of EDs and the delayed diagnosis of such pathologies suggest the necessity to increase awareness amongst clinicians who treat children with overweight and obesity.

A late diagnosis of EDs contributes to the chronicity and severity of the disease, leading to growth disorders and clinical complications over both the short and long terms.

An accurate nutritional assessment with an appropriate nutritional counseling may prevent ED onset and should be performed in all families of children with obesity. 

Biography:

Munira Alghafaily, is a final year medical student at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. I have no publication until now but I have three researches on cardiology,gastroentology and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and I am waiting for publication

Abstract:

Objectives: This study was to assess operative and post-operative complications, of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), in super-obese and compare it to morbid obese on in KKUH, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We reviewed the 708 medical records of consecutive patients who underwent LSG surgery at KKUH from 2009 till 2015. Then, we compared our SMO (BMI≥50 kg/m²) patients’ data results to (our international reports) MO (BMI<50 kg/m²) patients’ category who underwent LSG.

Results: Male sex was predominant in SMO (63.6%). Both groups had homogeneous baseline characteristics and comorbidities except sleep apnea were higher in SMO. There is no significant difference in the duration of operation, length of stay and recovery room time between the 2 groups. Mean number of trocars was 4 for both groups. HDU admission 62 (28.6%) patients of SMO, and 32 patients of MO. No conversion to open or documented intraoperative complications in both groups. For postoperative complications: It has developed in 6% of patients in SMO included 1.4% of patients developed leakage, and 10 patients developed bleeding in the drain. On the other hand, 4.3% of patients in MO had developed complications, includes, (2.2%) patients developed leak, 2% patients developed bleeding and 4 patients only needed blood transfusion. There was no surgical mortality.

Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the duration of operation, number of trocars and intra-operative complication between SMO and MO. The BMI≥50 kg/m² is not a predictor of higher morbidity during doing LSG if done in a tertiary care center with dedicated bariatric center serves.

Biography:

Aghanenu Godfrey Chukwudi has completed his Master of Public Health (MPH) from the University of Venda, Limpopo Province of South Africa.

Abstract:

Background: Obesity is a serious public health issue; recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1998).

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the determinants of obesity among students of the University of Venda.

Methodology: The design of the study was a quantitative correlational survey. Instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. Simple random sampling and systematic sampling methods was used to select the participants. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 22. Descriptive analyses were performed to show frequency distributions. Chi square test was used to compare relationship between obesity and socio-demographic; dietary and environmental variables among students.

Results: Overweight and obesity is prevalent among student population with 20% of the participants being overweight and 9.5% obese. Unhealthy eating practices were found among the participants. There was statistical significant difference in BMI between male and female gender with female (66%) being more obese than male (34%). In terms of socio-demographic variable this study found gender and age of participants as important factor of overweight and obesity.

Conclusion & Recommendations: Regular nutrition education campaign needs to be carried out in the University in order to motivate more healthy food choices. Also, moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPA) is recommended.