9^th Diabetologists Conference June 06-08, 2016 Dallas, Texas ,USA

Biography:

Paras Kumar Mishra has completed his BSc and MS in Biological Science with specialization in Zoology from India. His PhD dissertation was from Banaras Hindu University (a reputed university in India) on understanding the genetic basis of speciation. His Postdoctoral works was basically on cardiac physiology from USA. He was also interested in investigating the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in heart failure. The long term goal of his research is to discover an intervention tool to improve cardiac function in pathological heart using microRNAs and stem cells.

Abstract:

Diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease that increases the incident of heart failure. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of diabetic heart failure is unclear. Diabetic hearts show down-regulation of several cardioprotective miRNAs including the most abundant miRNA in the heart, the miR-133a. Recently, we demonstrated that in diabetic heart failure patients, down-regulation of miR-133a is associated with up-regulation of cardiac autophagy. We hypothesized that attenuation of miR-133a in diabetic hearts induces cardiac autophagy. To test the hypothesis, we treated Insulin2 mutant (Ins2+/-) diabetic Akita mice, which show down-regulated miR-133a in the heart with miR-133a mimic and measured the level of autophagy markers in the heart. To determine the cellular mechanism, we also treated HL1 cardiomyocytes with high glucose and miR-133a mimic and measured the level of autophagy markers. Further, we treated these cells with Bafilomycin A1 to assess autophagy flux. Our results demonstrated that miR-133a mimic treatment normalized the up-regulated autophagy in hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes. These in vitro findings were supported by the in vivo results, where miR-133a mimic treatment restored autophagy markers in Akita hearts. We conclude that miR-133a plays pivotal role in regulating autophagy in diabetic hearts.

Biography:

Alireza Jahan-mihan, PhD RD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of North Florida. He has more than twenty years’ experience in research, food industry and clinical practice. He completed his doctoral degree at University of Toronto in the field of Nutrition. His primary research focus is on the role of functional foods and their dietary bioactive components in health and diseases. The specific focus of his research program is on physiological and nutritional functions of dietary proteins and peptides. Both animal and clinical approaches are applied to reveal underlying mechanisms of functional foods and also to examine the applicability of research outcomes. The results of his research have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Moreover, he has been invited to various national and international seminars and conferences to present his research findings.

Abstract:

 The overarching role of impaired insulin resistance and central obesity has been suggested. The role of dietary proteins in maternal diet in health outcome of the offspring has been examined. Offspring born to low protein fed dams have impaired glucose tolerance at 15 months of age and diabetes at 17 months of age. In another study, pregnant gilts were fed either high protein/low carbohydrate (HP-LC) or a low protein/high carbohydrate diet or a standard diet. HP-LC fetuses had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and asymmetrical growth of fetuses within the same litter. Offspring born to twin-pregnant sheep fed a low energy, low protein diet in late gestation developed insulin resistance compared with those fed a normal diet. Interestingly, the lambs’ post-natal high CHO, high fat diet exaggerated the adverse effect of low protein low calorie maternal diet fed during late gestation as evidenced by higher glucose AUC. The role of low protein diet fed during pregnancy in aging-related development of dysfunction of insulin metabolism has also been studied. The results suggest that a low protein maternal diet fed during pregnancy has a negative impact on aging-associated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion loss in rats; therefore, authors propose that developmental programming is a major factor in aging-related development of dysfunction of insulin metabolism. Impaired glucose tolerance was also found in adult femalesand their insulin responseto an oral glucose preload was low if they were born to rat dams fed a low protein diet during gestation but not males. In contrast, male but not female Wistar rats born to dams fed low protein diets were more hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant at 20 weeks of age.Moreover, protein source in a nutritionally adequate diet during gestation and lactation influenced glucose metabolism in offspring of rats in a sex-dependent manner. Dams’ soy protein-based diet resulted in higher fasting glucose, glucose response to glucose preloads and the HOMA-IR index, in male offspring but not in females. In conclusion, both protein content and protein source fed during development influence the risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes in offspring in a sex-dependent manner.

Biography:

Bruno Doiron is a Faculty Member at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. He has received his undergraduate degree from University of Moncton, Canada and graduate degrees from University of Montreal, Canada and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France. As Project Leader he has made major discoveries in the field of gene regulation by nutrients and has 4 patents on the modulation of glucose metabolism as it relates to the treatment diabetes and cancer. He has extensive experience in basic research at the physiologic and molecular levels and in respective applications to the biotechnology field.

Abstract:

The quest to replace insulin injection treatment has focused on two strategies: In vivo islet transplantation and in vitro nuclear reprogramming to produce differentiated beta cells. Ultimately, both strategies rely on encapsulation to implant islets or culture cells into the human body. The many hurdles involved with islet transplantation have yet to be overcome and, even if successful, the paucity of pancreatic donors limits this approach. An alternative approach has attempted to recapitulate the embryonic development of pancreatic beta cell in vitro using stem cells. However, the stem cell approach requires in vitro cell culture and still has to overcome the hurdle of encapsulation. Beyond the capsulation hurdle, there remains a lack of knowledge about the basic molecular/cellular events via which a completely undifferentiated cell can be transformed into a functioning tissues/organ which can be integrated into whole body homeostasis. Mark Twain said: “What gets us into trouble is not what we don’t know; it’s what we know for sure that just isn’t so.”

Biography:

Claude K Lardinois is an Emeritus Professor, University of Nevada School of Medicine in Reno, NV and Medical Director, American Health Care, Rocklin, CA. He has earned his Medical degree at George Washington University in Washington, DC and Internal Medicine Residency at Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA. He has completed a Fellowship in Endocrinology and Metabolism with a focus on insulin research at Stanford University in Palo Alto, CA, under the mentorship of Gerald Reaven, MD. His research interests include work in nutrition, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. He has a notable interest in eradicating heart disease, the major cause of death in the US.

Abstract:

Cardiovascular Disease is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of early death among people with diabetes about 65 percent of people with diabetes die from heart disease and stroke. Annually in the United States 1,000,000 people will suffer a myocardial infarction: One-third of those will occur in people who have already suffered an event. Modification of traditional risk factors, such as smoking cessation, decreasing blood pressure and lowering of cholesterol in high risk individuals has resulted in reducing CVD and stroke remarkably. However, the current standard of care using traditional modifiable risk factors alone is frequently inadequate to identify some individuals with CVD. Therefore, it is important to not rely solely on risk factor modification when assessing for CVD, but also to incorporate a disease platform. A new paradigm focusing on the disease (atherosclerosis) is necessary. Non-invasive endothelial testing [coronary calcium score (CCS), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT)], genetics assessment [Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), kinesin-like protein 6 (KIF6), 9 region p21 locus (9p21), lipoprotein (a) (LPA) and haptoglobin genotype (Hp 1-1, Hp 1-2, Hp 2-2)] and measurement of major biomarkers [F2-Isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), fibrinogen, and homocysteine (Hcy)] enhance the ability to identify disease (atherosclerosis) earlier. When disease is found, the causes must be identified and treated. A paradigm shift focusing on arteriology (disease platform) is mandated to reduce the high rate of recurrence of CVD and stroke.

Biography:

Joseph Fomusi Ndisang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physiology of University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine. He has completed his Postdoctoral training in Physiology at the University Of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine. He has received his PhD in Pharmacology & Toxicology from the University of Florence, Italy and received a Doctor of Pharmacy degree from University of Florence, Italy. He has got several distinguished awards and distinctions including: Associate Fellow of the Scientific Council of the International College of Angiology (2007).

Abstract:

Deregulated insulin signaling is associated with progressive alterations in cardiac structure and function. We investigated the effects of the heme-oxygenase (HO) inducer, hemin, on cardiac dysfunction in obese Zucker rats, a model characterized by impaired insulin signaling. Administering hemin to obese Zucker rats enhanced insulin sensitivity and potentiated important components of insulin signal transduction pathway including IRS-1, PI3K and GLUT4. These were associated with the amelioration of several hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure, arterial systolic pressure, +dP/dt and arterial diastolic pressure as well as electrocardiographic parameters related to the performance of the cardiac conduction system such as the PR-interval, QRS-duration, ST-segment and QT interval. Furthermore, hemin reduced LV-hypertrophy, abated diastolic/systolic LV-wall thickness, abolished cardiac fibrosis, suppressed inflammatory/oxidative mediators and attenuated extracellular matrix/pro-fibrotic proteins, whereas treatment with HO-blocker, stannous-mesoporphyrin, abolished the effects of hemin. We conclude that up-regulating the HO system with hemin improved altered cardiac structure and function in obese Zucker rats by attenuating inflammatory/oxidative insults, suppressing extracellular-matrix/profibrotic, while concomitantly potentiating insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.

Biography:

Dr Alain is an academic researcher, graduated from African, European and American prestigious universities, trained from old and sophisticated setting with a medical experience of more than 20 years in advanced medical fields; includeding: internal medicine, Diabetology, Paediatric and Clinical Research. He is a member of International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) and Danish Academic of Diabetes and he has published more than 10 articles on the management of diabetes.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of death and disability. Individuals have had to deal with painful injections; inhaled insulin may be beneficial for glycaemic control.The primary objective of this study was, to assess the benefits of inhaled insulin for glycaemic control in insulin-dependent and insulin-resistant patients older than 12 years. ADA website, Cochrane databases, and Medline were searched for randomised clinic trials published in English between 2000 and 2003. Relevant studies were identified and selected for our review and meta-analysis. Data extractions were assessed by two reviewers. Seven randomised control trials were included, involving 1689 participants in total. Four studies included patients with type 1 diabetes and three those with type 2 diabetes. All were open label, comparing inhaled insulin to subcutaneous insulin for the duration of ≥ 12 weeks. There was no difference in the proportion of participants achieving HbA1C ≥7%. The estimated average relative risk was equal to 0.1420 (95% CI: -0.0313 to +0.3154). The results suggest that the benefits in the treatment group is on average 14.2% less than the risk that in the control group. The null hypothesis that the average true effect is equal zero is only marginally rejected (z=1.606, p=0.108), i.e. at about 10% significance level. Statistically, the differences in results were not quite significant, i.e. they lead toward the same conclusion. Therefore, we concluded that there is evidence that Inhaled insulin may offer similar benefits for glycaemic control compared to subcutaneous insulin for patient’s ≥ 12 years-old of age. Further studies are suggested regarding its benefits in diabetes-related acute and chronic events and its effectiveness alone.

Biography:

Bruno Doiron, PhD is a faculty member at University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. He received his undergraduate degree from University of Moncton, Canada and graduate degrees from University of Montreal, Canada and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France. As a project leader, he has made major discoveries in the field of gene regulation by nutrients and has 4 patents on the modulation of glucose metabolism as it relates to the treatment diabetes and cancer. He has extensive experience in basic research at the physiologic and molecular levels and in respective applications to the biotechnology field.

Abstract:

Cellular networking, integration and processing (CNIP) represents a novel approach that stands in contradiction to the widely accepted scientific doctrine of one molecule to one cellular control process. Two important distinctions characterize the CNIP approach: First, it is essential to integrate 3 levels of cellular physiology: intracellular carbohydrate metabolism, membrane receptor function, and gene transcription. Second, integration of multiple levels of cellular physiology is essential to produce a synergistic effect on cell function and control, i.e. beta cell formation. Synergy is a key factor whereby multiple molecules work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. Decades of assumptions that a complex disease such as diabetes could be understood or treated with the premise of one molecules action or by inadequate animal model and molecular tools considerably slows the advancement of scientific knowledge and innovation in the diabetic field. The scientific community has created inertia to used transgenic, immune-deficiency, knockout mice because it continues to recognize these mouse models as a gold standard for predicting the utility of drugs. CNIP approach is an alternative way to reverse the situations in diabetes research that are lost in translation. Other approaches integrate the complexity of biology as to be created as CNIP for the advancement of science in diabetes research.

Biography:

Marie Wallace has completed her Bachelor’s degree from Smith College and Master’s from The University of Texas at Austin, USA. She manages her own psychotherapy practice where she sees Type 1 diabetic children, adolescents and their families. She also serves as a Specialist on the Transition Team Board for ‘Especially for Children Endocrinology’, helping teenagers’ transition out of pediatric care. She is a type 1 diabetic herself and strives to provide the diabetes community with support and empathy through her work.

Abstract:

“You have Type 1 Diabetes” is not just a life-altering medical diagnosis given (typically) to a young child. That phrase changes a person’s reality, sense of self and vision for the future. Its implications permeate the entire family, social group and social network of the patient. A parent now encounters endless restless nights filled with worry and fear of a low blood sugar. A friend now carries extra glucose tabs and juice in her back pack. A teacher needs to learn the signs of hypo and hyperglycemia. A summer camp has to reject a potential camper because it is not prepared to deal with possible medical issues. A significant other has to learn how to administer glucagon. Each one of these changes heavily impacts the child with Diabetes. The psychological effects of Type 1 diabetes are far-reaching enough to critically alter socio-emotional well-being. Psychotherapy is a crucial component of the diabetes care team, not only for the child with diabetes, but also for the family. The period of adjustment is a difficult and stressful one and can produce long-lasting negative results if not worked through fully and thoughtfully. This talk will discuss the importance of psychotherapy for people with diabetes and their families as well as examine some of the big psychological hurdles and challenges typically caused by type 1 diabetes. I will conclude the talk with observations and deductions from my own case studies to highlight therapy’s role in the management of this disease.

Biography:

Dr. Mishra earned his Ph.D. from the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, the Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark and has over 20 years of teaching and research experience in Medical Pharmacology. Dr. Mishra has held numerous faculty positions at universities across the world, including Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal and Assistant Dean of Student Affairs at Saba University. During his faculty position in Nepal, Dr. Mishra has been involved in teaching Pharmacology in problem-oriented, integrated curriculum of Kathmandu University.

Abstract:

Patients’ knowledge and self-care skills of diabetes are corner stone to improve their health-related quality of life. The study aimed to assess the impact of pharmacist-supervised intervention through pharmaceutical care program on health-related quality of life of newly diagnosed diabetics in Nepal following a non-clinical randomized controlled trial approach.

Materials & Methods: An interventional, pre-post non-clinical randomized controlled trial was conducted among randomly distributed 162 [control (n=54), test 1 (n=54) and test 2 (n=54) groups] newly diagnosed diabetics by a consecutive sampling method for 18 months. An ADDQoL questionnaire investigated patients’ health-related quality of life scores at baseline, three, six, nine and twelve months. Test groups’ patients received pharmaceutical care while control group patients were under physician/nurse’s care. Non-parametric tests i.e., Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to find the differences in average weighted impact scores among the groups before and after the intervention (p≤0.05).

Results: Friedman test identified significant (p<0.001) improvement in average weighted impact scores among test groups’ patients. However, differences in scores were significant between test groups at 6-months (p=0.033), 9-months (p<0.001) and 12-months (p<0.001); between control and test 1 groups at 12-months (p<0.001) and between control and test 2 groups at 9-months (p<0.001) and 12-months (p<0.0010) on Mann-Whitney U test.

Conclusions: Pharmaceutical care intervention significantly improved average weighted impact scores of diabetics in test groups compare to control group. This signifies the improvement in health-related quality of life of test groups’ patients and hence describes the pharmacist’s contribution and key role in Nepali healthcare system.

Biography:

Dr Srinivasa Rao Gadala, is a Public Health Specialist, currently working as a Chief Programme Officer, National Health Mission, Telangana State, INDIA since April 2015. He is also an in-charge Joint Director for the programme of Non-Communicable Diseases for the State of Telangana, working on the health & wellness of the people of Telangana state by conducting research & evaluation studies and implementing preventive strategies to prevent cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular diseases including diabetes prevention. Dr Srinivasa Rao Gadala has done his undergraduate course of Bachelors in Medicine & Bachelors in Surgery from one of the India's top most reputed medical institutes named osmania medical college, hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh later pursued his Master’s programme in Social & Preventive Medicine/Community Medicine from the same institute of osmania medical college, hyderabad, andhra pradesh. After pursuing his Maters in Community Medicine, he joined in the Department of Medical & Health in the year 2000, beginning as a Medical Officer, at Blood Bank Units, Municipal Corporation,later as an Officer on Special Duty in the Department of Medical & Health. With the background of Public Health & Community Medicine, Dr Srinivasa Rao Gadala and team is now working on implementing preventive strategies in preventing diseases both communicable & non-communicable diseases rather management/treatment of the diseases. In this process, attending the 9th Diabetologists Conference 2016 would be of a great learning exposure and a platform to learn about the various methods/strategies in preventive diseases like diabetes which is affecting even the pediatric age group apart from the elderly group.

Abstract:

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in youth. T2D among youth is emerging as a major health concern. This study investigates the factors contributing to the disease development, severity of the disease and the benefits of and barriers to healthy eating and exercising. The review of literature of health science articles is the method used for this study. The review of literature interprets that childhood obesity; genetic factors and physical inactivity play a major role in the development of T2D. Literature review also investigates that the increased prevalence of T2D parallels the prevalence of childhood obesity. Hence the preventive measures in minimizing the T2D prevalence focus on decreasing the prevalence of risk factors like obesity and physical inactivity through health education based on health belief model. The importance of diet, activity and behavior change approach in preventing T2D among the youth is also emphasized.

Biography:

Joseph Fomusi Ndisang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physiology of University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine. He has completed his Postdoctoral training in Physiology at the University Of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine. He has received his PhD in Pharmacology & Toxicology from the University of Florence, Italy and received a Doctor of Pharmacy degree from University of Florence, Italy. He has got several distinguished awards and distinctions including: Associate Fellow of the Scientific Council of the International College of Angiology (2007).

Abstract:

Impaired insulin signaling and deregulated glucose metabolism are amongst the hallmarks in diabetes. Here, we report the effects of the cytoprotective enzyme, heme-oxygenase, (HO) on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. The administration of the HO-inducer, hemin, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals normalized hyperglycemia and the potentiated important proteins implicated in the insulin-signal transduction pathway such as IRS-1, PI3K and GLUT4. Interestingly, the anti-diabetic effects of hemin was accompanied by enhanced levels of adiponectin, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced glucose intolerance. These were associated with the reduction of oxidative/inflammatory mediators like 8-isoprostance, nuclear-factor-kappaB, activating-protein (AP-1), AP-2 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal-kinase. Furthermore, hemin suppressed the pro-inflammatory macrophage-M1-phenotype alongside several pro-inflammatory agents, chemokines and cytokines including macrophage-inflammatory-protein-1-alpha (MIP-1α), macrophage-chemoattractant-protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Conversely, hemin significantly enhanced the anti-inflammatory macrophage-M2-phenotype and IL-10. We conclude that upregulating the HO system abates hyperglycemia in diabetic animals by nullifying inflammation and oxidative stress, while concomitantly potentiating insulin signalling and glucose metabolism. Thus HO-inducers may be explored in the search for novel remedied against type-1 diabetes.

Biography:

Mingxia Yuan has completed her MD in 2003 from Peking University Health Science Center. She is the Associated Professor and Vice-Director of the department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. She has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of the Chinese Journal of Diabetes and the Journal of International Diabetes. She has been the principal investigator of study projects supported by including National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC_81370946), IDF-BRIDGES funding (ST12-024), and the Special Scientific Research on Capital Health Development (2011-2005-01, 2016-1-2057).

Abstract:

 Beijing Community Diabetes Study (BCDS): This project consists of the implementation and evaluation of a community-hospital integrated management for type 2 diabetes in Beijing, China. This ongoing project is a longitudinal community-based research, with the purpose of translating standard care to the real world clinical practice to optimize control of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids, which could be expected to reduce the risk of chronic complications in the patients with diabetes. Over 4000 subjects aged from 20 to 80 years with type 2 diabetes from 25 community health centres in five urban districts were recruited at the baseline (between August 2008 and July 2009). Management adjustment strategies on guidelines have been applied by a collaborative team consisting of 15 specialists from tertiary hospital and 120 community GPs. To ensure the integrity and quality of data collection, a supervision team consisting of four trained specialists has been checking study progress and data records in every community centre twice yearly. By analysis, a significant reduction in HbA1C was shown with the intervention. 21.0% met all the HbA1C, blood pressure, and LDL-C target values after 6 years of intervention (in June 2015), which showed continuous increase compared with that in 2013 (13.1%), in 2011 (6.7%), and the baseline (5.5%). Significant reductions of the risk in diabetic microvascular complications and cerebral vascular disease, with the trend toward CVD were demonstrated. To date, the community-based lower-cost intervention offered by a collaborative team has proved to be an effective approach, and further exploration and follow-up study will continue for the next three years.

Biography:

Gazi Md. Mustakim is pursuing Bachelor of Pharmacy at North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is doing his research work under the supervision of Prof. Dr. J M A Hannan. He has submitted number of research works for publication in reputed journal which is under process. He is a great team leader and a friendly person to work with. He has attended many International Conferences such as IUPAC conferences. Not only he has skills in doing lab work, he also has great skills on SPSS statistical software, Microsoft office.

Abstract:

The study was designed to observe the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Agele marmelos as reported earlier in diabetic model rats. This study was carried out to explore the possible effects of A. marmelos extract on carbohydrate absorption and glucose utilization. We measured fasting blood glucose and performed glucose tolerance test to evaluate the primary anti-hyperglycemic effect, in type 2 diabetic rats. Further, we studied the plasma insulin concentration and serum glucose level. Effect of extracts on carbohydrate break down, sucrose malabsorption and gut perfusion study of the GI tract and α-amylase inhibition were assessed. Gastrointestinal motility was seen by BaSO4 milk traverse test. Treatment of extracts suppressed blood glucose elevation after oral sucrose (2.5 g/kg) administration and (1.25 g/kg) significantly improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic rats. A. marmelos extracts showed significant changes in plasma insulin secretion. The extracts significantly reduced glucose absorption in the in situ perfused rat intestinal model at two different doses. The extract inhibited the action of α-amylase, and this study was confirmed again by the sucrose malabsorption test, where sucrose digestion was inhibited throughout the length of the GI Tract. During the chronic study, body mass of rats returned to normal and their polydipsic and polyphagic conditions were improved too. This combination of in vitro, in vivo and in situ intestinal perfusion technique confirmed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of A. marmelos and its tissue level mechanism. Additional study is required to fully demonstrate the effects of the active compounds to the precise mechanism of glucose-fiber binding capacity and glucose transporters.

Biography:

M Mohona is a senior student of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and is pursuing MPharm degree in Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy at North South University. Previously she has attended various national and international Diabetes Conferences where she presented her research work. She has a passion for further research on Diabetology.

Abstract:

Butea monosperma has previously shown to increase muscle glycogen in type 2 diabetic model mice. In this study, mechanism of anti-diabetic action of the bark was elucidated by measuring glucose uptake in skeletal myocytes of type 2 mice. Ethanol extract of B. monosperma was fed to diabetic mice at a dose of 200 mg/kg twice daily for 40 days. The skeletal muscle isolated from mice was homogenized to prepare the membrane faction. Membrane-bound GLUT transporters were quantified using mice GLUT1 and GLUT4 ELISA kits (UScn Life Science Inc. USA), Hexokinase II activity by “Hexokinase II Colorimetric Assay kit” (Sigma Aldrich, USA) and estimated Glucose-6-phosphate by colorimetric G-6-P assay kit (Abcam, USA). The glycogen synthase activity was determined following a method described by Danforth et al. (1965). In the muscle homogenate assayed Glycogen content using a colorimetric Glycogen assay kit (Abcam, USA). The extract significantly increased membrane docked GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters by 74.50% (p<0.05) and 131.12% (p<0.01) respectively. Hexokinase II activity in skeletal myocytes was increased by 53.1% (p<0.05) whereas, Glucose-6-phosphate content was lowered (p<0.05). Glycogen synthase activity was significantly increased (p<0.01) in the presence of 10 mM G-6-P by 76.06%. However, no change was observed in the presence of 0.1mM G-6-P. Muscle glycogen content was increased by 69.34% (p<0.05). Result indicates that enhancement of glucose uptake was partly related to increased membrane docked GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters in skeletal myocytes. The increase in glycogen content in skeletal myocytes is associated with enhanced Hexokinase II and glycogen synthase activity.

Biography:

Astrid Indrafebrina Sugianto is currently an Advanced Medical Science degree student at the University of Melbourne. She was nominated as one of the 300 young brightest scientists by Ministry of Education of UK in 2013. She was also the former Ambassador of the year for Harvard Project of International Relations in 2014 and also the only female representative of Indonesia for ASEAN Youth in 2014. She was previously involved in breast cancer stem cell research, before decided to focus on cellular based therapy research in 2015. She is interested in politics, international relations, psychology, biology and medical science.

Abstract:

Introduction: The incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing rapidly worldwide, while the current standard therapy exogenous insulin supply is considered unsustainable and highly associated with poor glycemic control that may lead to a life-threatening condition. On the other hand, cellular based therapy including either islet cell or stem cell transplantation has been recently developed, making it pertinent to compare the effectiveness between the two alternative treatments. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the safety and effectiveness between islet cell transplantation and stem cell transplantation for future practice change.

Methods: Literature search using two databases, PubMed and Ovid Medline was conducted for primary studies published from January 2000 to November 2015. A quality assessment of identified studies were conducted using ARRIVE, NOS and MINORS assessment tools. The comparisons between treatments were done based on the mean values of insulin independence period and blood glycemic level of the subjects in the studies.

Results: In 15 out of 17 included studies, the average insulin-independent period in T1DM patient post-islet cell transplantation was proven to be four years longer compared to post-stem cell transplantation that could only achieve one year at most. The studies also found and support that islet cell transplantation has better blood glycemic control, observed through random blood glucose level ranges from 140 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL and c-peptide levels ranges from 0.3-4.5 ng/ml which marks the presence of insulin production. However, certain challenges e.g., donor shortage and poor engraftment hinder the widespread application. The studies also revealed that stem cell transplantation differentiated into -cell-like cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin, as well as acting in glucose stimulated manner, imitating the physiologic mechanism of -cells, this is in fact considered as a major potential for future development.

Conclusion: The current studies had proven a conclusive result in which islet transplantation has relatively higher effectiveness and better outcome compared to stem cell transplantation for treating T1DM patients.

Biography:

S.M. Nazmul Haque has currently completed his bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences from North South University in year 2015. He has worked in quite a few anti-diabetic research work of different plant extracts, under deliberate supervision of Dr. JMA Hannan, which are in process of publication. He was also one of the participant of 20th annual conference on Chemical Research Applied to World Needs (CHEMRAWN XX CONFERENCE).

Abstract:

Catharanthus roseus is a traditional medicinal plant used to control diabetes in various regions of the world. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible antidiabetic effect of C. roseus leaf extract in diabetic rats. Rats were fed the extract for 4 weeks twice daily (0.5g/kg) and serum glucose, insulin, lipids, hepatic glycogen content were assayed. Plasma glucose was determined by GOD-PAP technique using glucose assay kit (Randox, UK). Blood total cholesterol levels were assayed using cholesterol quantization kit (Sigma Aldrich, USA). Blood Triglycerides were measured using colorimetric TG assay kit (Cayman Chemicals, USA). Plasma HDL levels were assayed using HDL assay kit (CrystalChem, USA). Plasma HDL levels were determined using HDL assay kit (CrystalChem, USA). Extract group showed (p<0.05) reduction in body weight, whereas, control animals showed an increase in body weight of 50.9%.In the extract group, plasma glucose level gradually decreased during experimental period (p<0.05). A significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol (p<0.05), triglycerides (p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) in treated group was seen. This resulted in reduction of the atherogenic index. Thus our findings show that oral administration of C. roseus leaf powder produces antihyperglycemic effect, lowers both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and at the same time increases HDL-cholesterol in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic action of extract of C. roseus is associated with increased plasma insulin concentration and insulin sensitivity. This investigation shows the potential of C. roseus, for use as a natural oral agent, with both antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

Biography:

Triply post graduate in Medicine (MD), Nutrition (PGDND) and Radiology (DMRE), 64 years old Dr. Lakshmi K Shankhdhar, holds the credit of establishing North India’s still only exclusive Diabetes Clinic in Lucknow, India and is the fourth Indian to receive Wockhardt-Harvard Medical Excellence Award and Visiting Fellowship of Harvard Medical International, the International Arm of Harvard Medical School (Boston). He has presented several abstracts and Faculty orations in many International conferences on Diabetes, besides chairing some International conferences. Currently he is Principal of a medical College of Diabetology, besides working as Medical Director and Endocrinologist in his own Clinic, the LK Diabetes Centre.

Abstract:

Offloading means to redistribute pressure, generated out of body weight and falls in the region of wound with a view to facilitate healing. Ideally we should attempt to prevent any pressure but it is impossible hence we aim to redistribute pressure in such a way that pressure is reduced remarkably in the region of wound. For offloading many methods are available but most of these methods are expansive, hence not affordable by most patients in developing nations; besides not being freely available too. We at LK Diabetes Centre, researched and developed a method, named SAMADHAN SYSTEM which is very simple, most economical, costing barely $1, easy to make, use and remove and least time consuming. It has 3 components- A foam cylinder, called “Samadhan Unit,” a piece of elastocreppe bandage, called “Retainer“ and metallic clips, provided with the elastocreppe bandage, called “Fastner,” which keep edge of the elastocreppe bandage in position. These Samadhan Units are kept ready and are cut to size of the sole of the patients when he arrives. Next Samadhan Unit is placed at a point which offloads the wound and then it is retained with Retainer and Fastners. It is very easy to manufacture Samadhan Units. We take a piece of rubberized foam, density 40, size 4 inchesX6 inches, apply liquid adhesive on one side and role up carefully into a cylinder, keeping adhesive side inwards. Then we leave it pressed by some weight for a few hours and the Unit is ready.

Biography:

Graduated from King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, in 2007. Awarded gold medal, silver medals and many certificates of honor for outstanding academic achievements. Did my post-graduation in Periodontology from prestigious King George’s Medical University, Lucknow in 2009. After post-graduation I worked as Senior Resident in Department of Periodontology, King George Medical University Lucknow for 3 years. Presented a number of papers and chaired many scientific sessions at conferences and post graduate conventions. Presently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology in Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University (KGMU) Lucknow, a premier institute of dental education in India. In clinical research my area of interests are perioplastic surgeries, dental implants and periodontal regenerative therapy. Published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute. Also life member of Indian society of periodontology, academy of oral implantology and member of editorial panel and reviewer board of many national and international journals. Recently awarded best teacher by students vote. Presently I am also serving as an Assistant Dean in Faculty of dental sciences, King George’s Medical University. Participated and won many awards in various sports events in the university. I am grateful to my wife Dr. Kopal Pathak and my daughter Aarnavi and son Ayansh for their continuous support in my life.

Abstract:

Diabetes is an important public health problem, affecting 245 million people worldwide. Each year, seven million individuals develop diabetes and the projection for the year 2030 expects that 366 million people will have the disease worldwide. Periodontitis is one of the main oral health problems, which is predominantly a Gram-negative infection resulting in severe inflammation, with potential for vascular dissemination (via the sulcular epithelium) of microorganisms and their products such as Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) throughout the body. The worldwide prevalence of periodontal disease varies from 5 to 20% of the adult population. By far, it is the most common oral infection in India, with a prevalence rate of 66.2% among individuals of age 15 years and about 89.2% among adults in the age group of 35-44 years. The association between diabetes and periodontal diseases has been recognized in dental literature for many years. Scientific evidence has confirmed that type 2 diabetes can be considered a risk factor for periodontitis. The increased severity of periodontal disease in diabetes mellitus may reflect an alteration in the pathogenic potential of bacteria, enhancing the breakdown of periodontal tissues, resulting in more frequent and severe periodontal-tissue destruction. Despite advances in recent years, the public healthcare system in India offers limited access to dental services. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among individuals with type I and type II diabetes in north India and evaluate the association of this condition with behavioral and clinical variables.

Biography:

Sunita Neupane has completed her BSc MLT from Tribhuvan University, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal and Presently studying Masters in Public Administration from Tribhuvan University, Kritipur Campus, Nepal. She is working as a Lab Technologist in Bhaktapur District Hospital. She has published articles in different magazines, newspapers and journal.

Abstract:

Microalbuminuria is a known risk factor for the development of clinical nephropathy in diabetes and also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Microalbuminuria is a marker of a pathophysiological process that causes both increased renal albumin loss and atherothrombosis. Microalbuminuria is hallmark for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent determinants of urinary albumin excretion, and association between biochemical parameters and socio-demographic factors in Diabetic patients. This is a hospital based cross sectional study included diagnosed case of Diabetic patients. Serum uric acid concentrations were measured by enzymatic method (uricase-peroxidase), HbA1c was measured using the principle of dry chemistry, blood sugar measured by GOD/POD method and urinary albumin excretion was measured with an immunoturbidometric assay. Based on categorization of urinary albumin excretion, 65% normoalbuminuric, 27% microalbuminuric and 8% macroalbuminuric are found in my study population. The frequency of hyperuricemia was found to be 43%. The prevalence of albuminuria increased significantly with increasing glycaemia. UAE is significantly correlated with onset of DM (r=0.203, P=0.013), Systolic Blood Pressure (r=0.355, P=0.001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (r=0.405, P=0.001), Uric acid (r=0.352, P=0.001), HbA1c (r=0.212, P=0.005) and Smoking (r=0.265, P=0.01). Multiple regression test shows that independent determinant of UAE are Blood Pressure {Diastolic (β=0.313, P=0.006) / Systolic (β=0.309,P=0.002)}, HbA1c (β=0.187, P=0.010), Uric acid (β=0.331, P=0.0001) and Onset of DM (β=0.199, P=0.041). The findings extend the relationship between confounding variables and the urinary albumin excretion which emphasize on the importance of screening for microalbuminuria to prevent renal dysfunction and HbA1c measurement on a regular interval for good glycemic control. Further examination is needed in a large population size to clarify the validity between the biochemical parameters.