24^th Annual Cardiologists Conference June 11-13, 2018 Barcelona, Spain

Cardiology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart both human and animal. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians who specialize in this field of medicine are called cardiologists, a specialty of internal medicine. Pediatric cardiologists are pediatricians who specialize in cardiology. Physicians who specialize in cardiac surgery are called cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiac surgeons, a specialty of general surgery. Clinical Cardiology is an American journal about Cardiology founded in 1978. It provides a forum for the coordination of clinical research in diagnostics, cardiovascular medicine and cardiovascular surgery.

The term “Heart disease” constitutes a number of problems, most of which are in relation to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that occurs when a substance called plaque builds up in the arteries’ walls. This build-up reduces the width of the arteries, making it difficult for blood to flow through. If a blood clot occurs, it can cease the blood flow. This can result in a heart attack or stroke. Some heart defects also exist in individuals due to birth defects.

Heart disease is the main killer of women, causing 1 in 3 deaths each year which counts to approximately 1 woman every minute. There are several misconceptions about heart disease in women, and they could be putting you at risk. Other types of heart disease, such as coronary micro vascular disease (MVD) and broken heart syndrome, also pose a risk for women. These disorders, which mainly affect women, are not as well understood as CHD. Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and syncope are frequent complaints encountered by family physicians, internists, and cardiologists. In contrast to these ubiquitous complaints, which are generally benign, sudden cardiac death remains an important public health concern. In general, the seriousness of cardiac arrhythmias depends on the presence or absence of structural heart disease.

Hypertension, also called high blood pressure is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is frequently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms.  Long term high blood pressure is a main risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, vision loss, and chronic kidney disease. It is classified as either primary (essential) high blood pressure or secondary high blood pressure. About 90–95% of cases are primary hypertension, caused due to nonspecific lifestyle and genetic factors. Lifestyle factors that increase the risk constitute excess salt, excess body weight, smoking, and alcohol. The rest 5–10% of cases is labelled as secondary hypertension, defined as high blood pressure due to an identifiable cause, like chronic kidney disease, narrowing of the kidney arteries, a hormone-related disorder, or the use of birth control pills. Blood pressure is calculated by two measurements, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, these are the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively. At rest, normal blood pressure is within the range of 100–140 mm of mercury (mmHg) during systole and 60–90 mmHg diastole.

Electrocardiography (ECG) is the method of recordance of the electrical activity of the heart over a time period using electrodes placed on the skin. These electrodes help in the detection of the minute electrical changes on the skin that arise from the electrophysiologic pattern of heart muscle while depolarizing during each heartbeat. This record called the electrocardiogram (also known as an ECG), gives information about the part of the heart that triggers each heartbeat (the pacemaker called the sino-atrial node), the nerve conduction pathways of the heart, and the heart rate and rhythm . Usually, an ECG is obtained if a heart disorder is suspected.

The term "diabetic heart disease" (DHD) means heart disease that occurs in people who have high content of carbohydrate in blood. In comparison with people who don't have diabetes, people who have diabetes; are at a higher risk of heart disease, have additional reasons of heart disease, may develop heart disease at a younger age, may have more severe heart diseases. In Congenital Heart Disease, a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply our heart muscle with blood rich in oxygen. Plaque constitutes of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and various other substances found in the blood. When plaque happens in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis.

A thorough understanding of onco-cardiology or cardio-oncology is essential for the effective treatment of cancer patients. Virtually all antineoplastic agents are related with cardiotoxicity. All patients who are being considered for chemotherapy, especially those who have prior history of cardiac disease should undergo detailed cardiovascular evaluation to optimize the treatment. Serial examination of left ventricular systolic function and cardiac biomarkers might also be considered in the selected populations of patient. Cardio-toxic effects of chemotherapy can be decreased by the frequent use of angiotensin-converting inhibitors of enzyme, angiotensin receptor blockers, or beta-blockers. Antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy might be taken in patients with a potential hyper-coagulable state associated with chemotherapy or cancer.

A pediatric cardiologist is a pediatrician who has earned valuable training in diagnosing and treating children's cardiac problems. Evaluation and treatment may start with the foetus as because heart problems can now be detected before birth. The division of Pediatric Cardiology is responsible for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects, performing diagnostic procedures such as echocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, and electrophysiology studies, and for the on-going management of the sequel of heart disease in infants, children and adolescents.

Geriatric cardiology means cardiovascular care of patients 65 years of age or older. The geriatric population is further broken down into elderly (between ages 75 and 84 years) and very elderly (85 years of age or older), with numbers reaching 40 million and 13 million people, respectively. Vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease cause significant morbidity and mortality in aged people.

Interventional cardiology is a chapter of cardiology that deals particularly with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. A huge number of procedures can be acted on the heart by catheterization. This most commonly includes the insertion of a sheath into the femoral artery (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and cannulating the heart below X-ray visualization (usually fluoroscopy).

Heart disease is the dominant reason of death in the western world. Each year in the U.S.A, above 500,000 men and women die due to coronary artery disease. During the last two decades, major strides have been done in the analysis and treatment of heart disease. Nuclear Cardiology is the main reason for beginning of the diagnosis of heart disease and the assessment of disease extent and the detection of outcomes in the setting of coronary artery disease. Nuclear cardiology studies use non-invasive methods to analyse myocardial blood flow, determine the pumping function of the heart as well as visualize the size and placing of a heart attack. Among the techniques of nuclear cardiology, myocardial perfusion imaging is the most commonly used.

Sports Cardiology achieves heart screenings that detect potentially serious cardiovascular issues in young athletes. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the major reason of death in exercising young athletes, and is most commonly set off by problems— as structural heart disorders or electrical circuitry issues—which are not commonly found during routine physical examinations. Most of the conditions that cause sudden cardiac death in young athletes are evaluated by an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a non-invasive test which calculates the electrical activity of the heart. Athletes with authorized cardiovascular disease or those at risk have particular goals and objectives in mind. They want to continue to play their sport and be very safe. The main aim of the Sports Cardiology Center is to work with any athlete forth the spectrum - professional athletes, recreational exercisers, to weekend warriors to help them reach these goals.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most usual type of heart surgery. CABG boosts blood flow to the heart. Surgeons make use of CABG to treat people who have critical coronary heart disease (CHD).  For the heart to work well, blood should flow in only one direction. The heart's valves help to make this possible. Healthy valves open and close in a specific way as the heart pumps blood. Each valve has one set of flaps called leaflets. The leaflets open to allow blood to pass from one heart apartment into another or into the arteries. Then the leaflets close tightly to cease blood from flowing backward. Heart surgery is applied to fix leaflets that do not open as wide as they should. This can happen if they become thick or stiff or join together. As a result, not enough blood flows through the valve.

Cardiac nursing is a special nursing field which works with patients who suffer from different conditions of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac nurses help treat and care conditions such as unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, infarction of myocardium and cardiac arrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist. Cardiac nurses perform post-operative treatment on a surgical unit, stress test evaluations, cardiac monitoring, vascular monitoring, and health evaluations. Cardiac nurses work in various kinds of environments, involving coronary care units (CCU), catheterization of heart, intensive care units (ICU), operating theatres, cardiac rehabilitation centers, clinical research, wards for cardiac surgery, cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU), and cardiac medical wards.

The regrowth of organs and tissues of the heart that are lost in an injury are called Cardiac Regeneration. This is in disparity to wound healing, which involves closing of the injury site by forming a scar. Few tissues like skin and large organs such as liver regrow quite readily, whilst others have been seen with little or no capacity of regeneration. Nevertheless in the present research, it suggests that particularly in the Lungs and heart, there is hope for a variety of organs and tissues will eventually develop and the capacity to regenerate.

A case report on Cardiology gives an appropriate convention for all cardiologists by rendering their important clinical cases of late occurrence. Studying from medical cases provides valuable experience for clinicians, students and paramedical staff -members. Rare medical reports and conditions discovered through the latest methods of examination are energized. Moreover, studying diagnostic methods from medical cases and the interpretation of symptoms is significant to train and burgeon the thought processes which are being used in the clinical field.

Implantable devices have been used for decades to treat heart disease. The first pacemaker was implanted over 40 years ago, and implantable defibrillators were first used in the early 1980s. But the last few years have witnessed a surge in both the types of devices being tested for heart-failure treatment, and in the optimism of experts about their usefulness.

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a microcomputer that is implanted under the skin of your upper chest area. It is small enough to fit in the palm of your hand. It monitors your heart rate and delivers therapy in the form of small electrical pulses. A cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable cardioverter defibrillator (CRT-D) is a type of specialized ICD used to treat heart failure. Getting a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) heart device is not an open-heart procedure. Before surgery, medication is usually given to make you sleepy and comfortable. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia.

An entrepreneur is an invader, a contender and a driver. Someone that creates something new, either an initiative, a business or a company. They are the eventual responsible for the destiny of its venture, which can be a company, an activity, or any other endeavour. They are the one who has the highest stakes at the venture, thus the one that needs to be empowered to fully direct the endeavour.  This meet is intended to create and facilitate the most optimized and viable business meeting place for alluring people in constructive discussions, evaluation and execution of promising work ideas. Cardiology Entrepreneurs Investment Meeting is just a gathering of all Cardiologists. Entrepreneurs and Investors are assembled for the purpose of achieving a common goal through verbal interaction, such as sharing information or reaching compliance. For Cardiology entrepreneurs, this would be a favourable place to find out appropriate investors and partners to begin or expand their business.

Cardiologists are the medical doctors who practice in analysis and treating disorders of the heart.  To become a cardiologist, one has to contemplate on embarking on a long, challenging, and most importantly, fulfilling the journey. The field of cardiology covers so many different types of diseases and procedures; there are a number of different kinds of cardiology one may choose to specialize depending on his or her interests and skill sets, and the type of work they’d prefer. A cardiologist is not same as that of a surgeon. The physicians who perform open heart surgery are cardio-thoracic surgeons, and they gross a surgical residency program, not an internal medicine residency as cardiologists do. To keep up with the broadening knowledge and science in cardiovascular medicine, the cardiology community needs to go through new educational steps and evaluate pathways to teach, mentor, and educate trainees to become competent cardiovascular specialists.