13^th Euro Obesity and Endocrinology Congress September 18-19, 2017 Zurich, Switzerland

Biography:

Vikas Ahluwalia is a Director at Metabolic & Bariatric Medicine Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi. In his role as Director at Metabolic & Bariatric Medicine, he oversees the various aspects of outpatient department, also serving as the Principal Investigator of several ongoing clinical trials. He is an Executive Member of the Planning & Advisory Board at the Max Institute of Medical Excellence. He is also a faculty for postgraduate teaching at Max Healthcare. Over the years, his work has made path-breaking strides in the realm of diabetes and metabolic clinical service, community awareness programmes and medical education. These include: Designing and implementing education models for diabetes educators, including curricula for metabolic medicine; developing guidelines for insulin delivery model; generating pediatric medicine awareness, especially on obesity and; setting guidelines for bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity has been a global burden in the society, destroying nations medically and economically. India has attained third place in the world after USA and China for the highest prevalence of obesity. The term obesity is no longer just a single entity; it has been revised to be termed as metabolic syndrome. It is a complex disorder with metabolic risk factors linked to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoarthritis and early death. The need for optimal integration with holistic approach (lifestyle modification + pharmacotherapy + bariatric surgery) is the road to current management of obesity. Bariatric surgery has gained popularity worldwide to treat the diabesity (obesity+diabetes). The measures of postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery are assessment indicators which improve the clinical practice. A retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, males=27 and females=42, mean age 48.3 years (range 40-62 years) in the Minimal Access Metabolic Surgery Institute, Max Hospitals, Delhi, India. The duration of study was 2012-2017. The selection criteria for these patients were BMI-30-35 Kg/m², HbA1c>8.0 mg/dl and willingness to comply with the follow up protocol. The metabolic outcomes which included hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were assessed and evaluated. Results showed diabetes resolution in 88.4%, hypertension resolution in 58%, and dyslipidemia resolution in 82.1%. The study concluded that bariatric surgery can be considered as a treatment option for poorly controlled diabetics with BMI 30 to 35 kg/m². Hence, the threat of obesity is greater than the risk of surgery as the treatment option.

Biography:

Pinchun Yang is pursuing her PhD in Food and Nutrition at Fu Jen Catholic University. She graduated from Chung Shung Medical University, and then worked as Research Assistant for four years at Bone Center Taipei Medical University. After she worded with orthopedic doctors to complete four great osteoporosis prevention programs, she also completed her Master degree at Fu Jen Catholic University. Taiwan.

Abstract:

Aluminum (Al) is the component of various legal food additives. Although studies have proven that Al overloading in dialysis renal patients is toxic, there is few study related to body Al content and bone health in Taiwanese population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the associations among blood levels of osteoporotic-related minerals, PTH, vitamin D and bone density. 30 hospitalized patients with fracture for surgery and 39 healthy controls were recruited and blood levels of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al), as well as vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were tested. Subjects with bone fracture were recruited in 3-5 days right after their surgeries respectively. The results indicated that the hip bone density in fracture patients are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), but not for the spine bone density. The average plasma concentration of Al, Mg, Ca, P, PTH and vitamin D were similar in two groups.  In addition, 79.9% subjects have lower vitamin D status, using the blood vitamin D level 30 ng/mL as standard and vitamin D concentration are significantly lowering with age (P=0.038). There is a negative correlation between blood Al and Mg content (P=0.004). 5% of all subjects have abnormal Al level (above 10 µg/L) in this study. There is no relationship between Al level and other mineral concentration and bone density may due to small sample size. This study will be continued to recruit more subjects. The expected results are useful for analysis of the risk of exposure, the implementation of clinical care and health education to improve the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Taiwan, and to establish the osteoporosis-related serum measurement data base.

Biography:

Luisa Brito is an Assistant Professor at University of Lisbon. She has been Supervisor of several undergraduate, master and doctoral theses, responsible for research projects and author or co-author of several national and international publications. She develops research on pathogenic food-borne bacteria. Some of these studies involve proteomic, transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of planktonic and biofilm cells. The use of lactic acid bacteria, with probiotic characteristics, in the attenuation of the virulence of these pathogens, is another area of research. This area is related with the development of new and healthier food based on the fermentation of underexplored fruit and vegetables materials, like commercial misshapen or under-sized items as well as by-products of fruit and vegetable industry, with high content in functional compounds.

Abstract:

Listeria monocytogenes is foodborne pathogenic bacteria that cause human listeriosis, a severe zoonotic disease, with high morbility, hospitalization and lethality rates in vulnerable populations. L. monocytogenes is known to be a concern in the production of cheese. The production environment is often pointed out as a possible transmission route of the microorganism and the persistence of some molecular types has been described. Field experiments under actual dairy processing conditions are welcomed by the industry and the use of an appropriate non-pathogenic surrogate for L. monocytogenes in this kind of experiments is necessary. The present study aimed to investigate whether L. innocua may be used as a surrogate of L. monocytogenes in dairy processing environment experiments. 10 persistent and non-persistent isolates of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes collected from cheese processing plants were used to compare biofilm-forming ability and biofilm susceptibility to two in use hydrogen peroxide (HP) based disinfectants. No significant differences in biofilm-forming ability by these two species was observed (P>0.05). In a similar way, the susceptibility to HP disinfectants of the L. monocytogenes and L. innocua biofilms formed by persistent and non-persistent isolates, grown in clean and in dirty conditions, showed no significant differences (P>0.05). By PCA an initial 10-dimensional space (10 variables) was reduced to a plane F1F2 defined by the two first principal components. The projection of the different isolates in this plane showed that they could be clustered into two major groups; both include isolates from the two species (Fig.1). This study proved the suitability of L. innocua as an indicator of L. monocytogenes in Listeria control programs and as a surrogate in field experiments aiming to clarify the factors that contribute to L. monocytogenes persistent colonization of some cheese processing plants.

Biography:

Ratchadaporn Oonsivilai has her expertise in phytochemical profiling and bioactivities in functional food. Her research work focus on Thai medicinal plants which composed of bioactive ingredients. She identified the bioactive compound by phytochemical profiling both in chlorophylls and phenolic profiles. In vitro and in vivo assay carried out to evaluate the bioactivities of bioactive compound or the crude plant extracts.

Abstract:

The phytochemical properties of 3-year-old golden barrel cactus extracts compared with 6-year-old are studied. In addition, the antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity, in vitro digestion stability, including the cellular uptake of golden barrel extracts are investigated. The phytochemical analyses of both cactus extracts revealed the presence of lutein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b and phenolic compounds. The 3-year-old cactus extracts showed the IC50 values of 112.60 and 44.62 mg raw material (RM)/ml, while the 6-year-old showed 191.90 and 81.84 mg RM/ml for DPPH and ABTS assay, respectively. In addition, their antioxidant activities by FRAP assay showed value at 0.014 and 0.01 mmol Fe2+/g RM for 3- and 6-year-old extracts, respectively. Cytotoxicity of extracts before and after in vitro digestion exhibited extremely high value of LC50 (>200 µg RM/ml) against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells indicating the non-toxic activity. The digestive stability of lutein, chlorophylls and phenolic compounds of 3- and 6-year-old extracts was 69.03%, 37.64%, 60.52% and 58.33%, 33.34% and 56.89%, respectively. Additionally, the lutein, chlorophylls and phenolics from 3- and 6-year-old cactus extracts were uptaken by Caco-2 cells at the level of 30.63%, 36.88%, 28.27% and 26.31%, 28.10% and 25.11%, respectively. Finally, the investigations of cellular lutein and phenolics transport in Caco-2 cells were 8.05%, 9.18% and 7.67%, 6.95% for 3- and 6-year-old cactus extracts, respectively. In conclusion, phytochemical content and bioactivities of 3-year-old extracts being higher than that of 6-year-old extracts indicated the importance of plant maturity. Lutein, total chlorophylls, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of the 3-year-old extracts were higher than that of 6-year-old extracts indicated that these compounds were not stable during simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion. Finally, lutein and total phenolic compounds from golden barrel cactus extracts could be absorbed and transported through Caco-2 cells, but chlorophylls did not detected in the transport process.

Biography:

Amani Aliwi Alrasheedi has completed her PhD at Girl's College for Home Economics and Art Education-King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia and Post-doctoral studies from Leeds University School of Food Science and Nutrition. She is the Vice Dean of high graduate studies at King Abdulaziz University. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and a suppervisor for four master students.

Abstract:

The present research was conducted on 24 male mature Wistar rats to study effect of sesame oil on liver enzymes, lipid profile and the protective role against the oxidative stress caused by feeding monosodium glutamate which may affect the liver. The rates were allocated in four equal groups. The 1^st group was used as negative control without any treatment. The 2^nd group used as positive control feed on monosodium glutamate at dose rate 1.6 mg/g bodyweight. The 3^rd group received monosodium glutamate at dose rate 1.6 mg/g body weight and treatedwith sesame oil at doses 4 ml/kg. body weight. The 4^th group received monosodium glutamate at dose rate 1.6 mg/g bodyweight and treated with sesame oil at dose rate 8 ml/kg bodyweight. Results indicated that oral intake of sesame oil at doses 4 and 8 ml/kg body weight for 14 days significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein fractions, decreased the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) when compared to the control positive group. Oxidative stress markers glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly improved as compared to the control positive group. We can conclude that the consumption of sesame oil may have protective effects against the oxidative stress caused by consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and its recommended to intake sesame oil daily for people who consume food with monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Biography:

Keerthi Thalakattil Raghavan is a Professor and Director of School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India. Her research area includes Probiotics, Prebiotics and Bio-prospecting of marine microbes. She is an experienced academician and administrator. She is chairperson/member of important academic bodies of university as well as the coordinator of a number of national levels major research projects of the university. She has more than 25 research publications and four book chapters to her credit. She has participated and presented her research findings in more than four international conferences held abroad.

Abstract:

The relation between lactic acid bacteria has been serving human kind from ancient times as a probiotic through fermented milk products. Elie Metchnikoff proposed that the Balkan population enjoyed excellent health due to consumption of large quantities of fermented milks containing beneficial bacteria. In the present study, probiotic potency of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from human breast milk and Indian honey bee gut was characterized and evaluated. The study indicated that the characterized putative L. plantarum strains fulfill essential prerequisites of probiotic properties such as tolerance to acid, bile and simulated gastric juice which enable the strains to have easy passage of GIT & stability in small & large intestine. Antagonistic property against pathogens & cell surface properties varied among strains, and these abilities attribute to a protective mechanism/barrier of intestinal mucosa against pathogenic invasion. Non haemolytic and non-lecithinase properties ensured their safety & GRAS status. Further it was noted that L. plantarum strains have the ability to de-conjugate bile salt and assimilate cholesterol and few of them exhibited excellent β-galactosidase activity. The results testified their health promoting capability and scope for application in nutraceuticals sector. Biofilm formation and exopolysaccharides production are inter-related. All L. plantarum strains are potent exopolysaccharide producers enabling them to modulate immunity in host organisms by activating macrophages. ACE inhibition ability reduces the risk of hypertension and anti-oxidant activity contributes to the improvement in overall health again endorsing their health promoting effect. Considering the need to develop an industrial strain with prospective desirable features the basic technological properties were evaluated by checking viability in coagulated skim milk at different intervals, their storage stability and % level of lactic acid production. Exopolysaccharide production and acid production also enabled the strains to increase texture and aroma of the product. Technological properties also indicated scope for these strains to be considered as ideal starter cultures in diary industry. Comparative evaluation suggests that irrespective of the source, L plantarum strains are equally good for application as probiotics. However, the results of in vitro study need appropriate validation by in vivo study.

Biography:

Rim Aly is a final year Medical student at University of Manchester who is interested in Public Health. Her passion and motivation to learn more about social and preventive medicine led her to travel to Lausanne, Switzerland and participate in research projects including the analysis of population trends in childhood obesity. She has also presented research on a variety of health topics including the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms, mental health in care home residents and public awareness of travel health.

Abstract:

Objectives: We assessed changes in the distribution of BMI-for-age between 1998 and 2016 in children and adolescents from the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the Indian Ocean.

Methods: Examination surveys were conducted annually between 1998 and 2016 on all students of four grades (crèche 2, primary 4, secondary 1 and 4) in all schools. Obesity, overweight and thinness were defined by the international obesity task force criteria.

Results: A total of 70,187 observations were analysed. Comparing data in 1998-2000 and 2014-2016, the prevalence of overweight or obesity increased from 9.6% to 19.6% in boys and from 15.1% to 23.6% in girls. In contrast, the prevalence of thinness grade 3 increased from 1.4% to 2.6% in boys and from 2.2% to 3.2% in girls. While mean BMI increased by 5% between 1998-2000 and 2014-2016, marked increases in BMI were mostly seen in the upper range of the BMI distribution: -1.7% at percentile 5, -0.8% at percentile 10, 0.3% at percentile 25, 2.5% at percentile 50 (median), 7.4% at percentile 75, 12.7% at percentile 90 and 13.3% at percentile 95. Consistent with the increasingly positively-skewed distribution of BMI over time, the number of children with morbid obesity increased considerably.

Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents of the Seychelles increased markedly over an 18-year period, emphasizing the need for population interventions to halt the rising burden of obesity. However, the secular increase in BMI occurred mostly in approximately one half of the population, with a non-decreasing prevalence of thinness and a worryingly increasing prevalence of morbid obesity. Further studies should aim to identify risk and preventive factors underlying these unequal secular trends in the population which may bear significance for weight control strategies.

Biography:

Luka Levata is currently a Doctoral Researcher at Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (University of Lübeck). With his academic background in neuroscience, he is interested in deciphering neural circuits in the brain that regulate feeding behavior and metabolic activities. The brain incessantly communicates with other body organs to control all homeostatic processes, including energy expenditure. He is using animal models to investigate mechanisms of energy expenditure under physiologically relevant conditions.

Abstract:

Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic peptide expressed both in adipose depots and hypothalamic nuclei that regulate food consumption. Recently, our group has reported that centrally administered nesfatin-1 also increases overall energy expenditure. We thus performed a study, using Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice to examine if centrally acting nesfatin-1 employs the melanocortin system toward energy homeostasis, and elicits sympathetic outflow to interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) to initiate thermogenesis. Healthy male animals of both species were stereotaxically implanted with intracerebroventricular cannula to receive central injections. First, with the application of direct calorimetry, we demonstrated that in rats nesfatin-1 [25 pmol] elicits a substantial increase in dry heat loss that lasts for 7 hours (p<0.01). This effect was fully precluded (p<0.01) by the co-administration with an equimolar dose of SHU9119, a potent MC3/4 receptor antagonist. The RT-PCR analysis showed that centrally administered nesfatin-1 [100 pmol] promoted POMC and MC3 receptor mRNA expression (p<0.01) in the hypothalamus and, as a trend, also of MC4 receptor mRNA. This was accompanied by increased DIO2 mRNA expression (p<0.01) and trend of increase in UCP1 and PGC-1α mRNA in iBAT. Moreover, the assessment with infrared thermography revealed that centrally delivered nesfatin-1 [300 pmol] in mice enhances (p<0.01) iBAT, as well as ocular surface temperature (p<0.05). We also demonstrated that this effect is completely abolished (p<0.01) when administered in pair with SR59230A [5 mg/kg], a potent and highly selective β3-adrenoceptor blocker. Finally, the increase in heat production instigated by nesfatin-1 promotes a reduction in body weight (p<0.05), which exhibits a prolonged duration even after overnight ad libitum access to food. Altogether, we herein provide evidence that the increase in energy expenditure instigated by nesfatin-1 is a process mediated via the central melanocortin system that in turn sets off iBAT thermogenesis, ultimately leading to a reduction in body mass. Centrally acting nesfatin-1 instigates catabolic effects.