12^th World Congress on Diabetes & Endocrinology July 05-06, 2019 Columbus, USA

Biography:

Dr Sonuga completed his MBBS at the age of 26 years, had his MSc degree in Chemical Pathology at University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He is a Fellow of West African College of Physicians (Laboratory Medicine) and a member of Association of Pathologists of Nigeria. He was a former Medical Officer at the Emergency Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria. He is presently a Lecturer and Hospital Consultant at Benjamin Carson School of Medicine, BABCOCK UNIVERSITY, Nigeria. His area of research interests are prevention and management of type II diabetes mellitus in young adults and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases significantly contribute to the medical morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Insulin resistance, a characteristic finding of type 2 diabetics and their offspring is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Aims: This study therefore aims to determine the pattern of lipid biomarkers of atherogenesis and their relationship with insulin resistance index in young people with family history of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 150 apparently healthy young adults between 18 to 25 years of age; 76 with family history of diabetes mellitus in first and or second degree relatives (YWFH) and 74 with no family history of diabetes mellitus (YWoFH). Anthropometric characteristics, insulin resistance index, plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile ( plasma TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and serum levels of insulin, Lp(a), ApoB, ApoA-1 and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratios were compared in the two groups and all parameters were determined using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Offspring of diabetics (YWFH) have significantly higher median BMI [p=0.015], WHR [p=0.002], IRI [p=0.038], TC [p=0.017], TG [p=0.004], Lp(a) [p=0.045], ApoB [p=0.002] and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio [p=0.001], than their age-matched control group with no family history of diabetes mellitus (YWoFH). There is no correlation between insulin resistance index and each of the lipid biomarkers of atherogenesis except with Lp(a), with which it is negatively correlated. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with higher insulin resistance index and elevated atherogenic lipid indices; thus a positive family history of diabetes mellitus in first or second degree relatives when the index person is not diabetic confirms a significant cardiovascular risk.

Biography:

Dr Sonuga completed his MBBS at the age of 26 years, had his MSc degree in Chemical Pathology at University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He is a Fellow of West African College of Physicians (Laboratory Medicine) and a member of Association of Pathologists of Nigeria. He was a former Medical Officer at the Emergency Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria. He is presently a Lecturer and Hospital Consultant at Benjamin Carson School of Medicine, BABCOCK UNIVERSITY, Nigeria. His area of research interests are prevention and management of type II diabetes mellitus in young adults and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases significantly contribute to the medical morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Insulin resistance, a characteristic finding of type 2 diabetics and their offspring is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Aims: This study therefore aims to determine the pattern of lipid biomarkers of atherogenesis and their relationship with insulin resistance index in young people with family history of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 150 apparently healthy young adults between 18 to 25 years of age; 76 with family history of diabetes mellitus in first and or second degree relatives (YWFH) and 74 with no family history of diabetes mellitus (YWoFH). Anthropometric characteristics, insulin resistance index, plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile ( plasma TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and serum levels of insulin, Lp(a), ApoB, ApoA-1 and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratios were compared in the two groups and all parameters were determined using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Offspring of diabetics (YWFH) have significantly higher median BMI [p=0.015], WHR [p=0.002], IRI [p=0.038], TC [p=0.017], TG [p=0.004], Lp(a) [p=0.045], ApoB [p=0.002] and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio [p=0.001], than their age-matched control group with no family history of diabetes mellitus (YWoFH). There is no correlation between insulin resistance index and each of the lipid biomarkers of atherogenesis except with Lp(a), with which it is negatively correlated. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with higher insulin resistance index and elevated atherogenic lipid indices; thus a positive family history of diabetes mellitus in first or second degree relatives when the index person is not diabetic confirms a significant cardiovascular risk.

Biography:

Tigist W. Leulseged is a medical doctor and public health specialist currently working as a lecture at Endocrinology unit under Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Her research interests are chronic illnesses particularly diabetes epidemiology including gestational diabetes, treatment, patient involvement in effective management and quality of services provided. She has experience in related research areas in both hospitals and teaching institutions.

Abstract:

Background: Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Poorly managed diabetes leads to serious complications and early death. The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing over the past few decades. Ethiopia is one of African countries with the highest number of people living with diabetes. Studies conducted in Ethiopia and other countries mainly focused on level of glycaemic control at one point in time. Studies targeting the time that a patient stayed in a poor glycaemic level are lacking.

Objectives: To estimate time to first optimal glycaemic control and to identify prognostic factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in public teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A hospital based retrospective chart review study was conducted from April to July 2018 at diabetes clinic of Addis Ababa’s public teaching among randomly selected sample of 685 charts of T2DM patients who were on follow up from January 1 2013 to June 30 2017. Data was collected using pretested data abstraction tool. Data was checked, coded and entered to Epi-Info V.7.2.1.0 and exported to SPSS V.23.0 and STATA V.14.1 for analysis. Descriptive statistics is presented with frequency tables, Kaplan Meier plots and median survival times. Association was done using Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard survival model, where hazard ratio, P-value and 95% CI for hazard ratio were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.

Results: Median time to first optimal glycaemic control among the study population was 9.5 months. The major factors that affect it are age group (HR=0.635, 95% CI: 0.486-0.831 for 50-59 years, HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.403-0.771for 60-69 years and HR=0.495, 95% CI: 0.310-0.790 for >=70 years), diabetes neuropathy (HR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.375-0.672), more than one complication (HR=0.381, 95% CI: 0.177-0.816), hypertension (HR=0.611, 95% CI: 0.486-0.769), dyslipidemia (HR=0.609, 95% CI: 0.450-0.824), cardiovascular disease (HR=0.670, 95% CI: 0.458-0.979) and hospital patient treated at (HR=1.273, 95% CI: 1.052-1.541).

Conclusions: Median time to first optimal glycaemic control among T2DM patients is longer than expected which might imply that patients are being exposed to more risk of complication and death.

Biography:

The author received an honorable PhD in mathematics and majored in engineering at MIT. He attended different universities over 17 years and studied seven academic disciplines. He has spent 20,000 hours in T2D research. First, he studied six metabolic diseases and food nutrition during 2010 to 2013, then conducted his own diabetes research during 2014 to 2018. His approach is “quantitative medicine” based on mathematics, physics, optical and electronics physics, engineering modeling, signal processing, computer science, big data analytics, statistics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. His main focus is on preventive medicine using prediction tools. He believes that the better the prediction, the more control you have.

Abstract:

Introduction:

This paper discusses glucose measurement results and their impact on health from two different methods, finger piercing and testing strip (Finger) and a continuous glucose monitoring system (Sensor).

Method:

The author has been collecting a total of 9,490 glucose data by finger measurement, including both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) once a day since 1/1/2014 (1,825 days) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) three times a day since 1/1/2012 (2,555 days).  

Recently, he has further collected 19,280 glucose data by applying a sensor on his upper arm to collect his glucose values continuously.  This sensor measurement is conducted in parallel with his routine finger measurements.  During the period of 5/5/2018 to 12/13/2018 (223 days), he has collected and recorded his glucose values about 70 times per day.  The measurement rate is approximately every 15 minutes during the day and every hour during the night.  In summary, he has collected a total of 15,655 glucose data and 892 waveforms (223 FPG and 669 PPG).  Other waveforms generated between meals or from eating snack/fruit are not included in this analysis.