Alzheimers disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and brain cells to die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and is characterised by a progressive loss of thinking, behavioural, and social skills that impairs an individual's ability to function independently

Neurosurgery, also known as neurological surgery, is a form of surgery that deals with the nervous system. Neurosurgery is a medical discipline that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases that affect every part of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous systems, and cerebrovascular system.

Neuropathology is the study of nervous system tissue disease, which is usually done by small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies. Neuropathologists are usually found in the anatomical pathology department, although they collaborate closely with the clinical fields of neurology and neurosurgery, all of which depend on neuropathology for diagnosis. Since the cause of death can be linked to brain damage or accident, neuropathology is often referred to as forensic medicine. Neuropathology is not to be confused with neuropathy, which refers to nerve disorders rather than tissues (usually in the peripheral nervous system). The branches of the nervous system, as well as tissue specialisations, come together in neuropathology.

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect the cellular structure of the nervous system as well as the neural mechanisms that control behaviour. Neuropharmacology is divided into two categories: Molecular and Behavioural.Behavioural neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs influence human behaviour (neuropsychopharmacology), which involves the study of how drug abuse and addiction affect the human brain.

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system condition that can be debilitating (brain and spinal cord). The immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibres in MS, causing communication problems with your brain and the rest of your body. The disease can cause irreversible nerve damage or weakening in the long run. MS signs and symptoms vary significantly depending on the extent of nerve damage and which nerves are damaged.

The terms "muscle disease," "myopathy," "neuromuscular diseases," and "neuromuscular disorders" all refer to a group of conditions that affect either the muscles or the nerves that control the muscles, such as those in the arms and legs or the heart and lungs. The word "neuromuscular disorders" refers to a wide range of conditions

The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is known as neuroanatomical. In contrast to radial symmetry animals, which have a distributed cell network in their nervous systems, bilateral symmetry animals have segregated, formed nervous systems. As a result, their neuroanatomical structure is the most well-known. In vertebrates, the nervous system is divided into two parts: the inner structure of the brain and spinal cord (commonly referred to as the CNS) and the nerve pathways that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS).

Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of science dealing with the study of biological mechanisms and aspects that underpin cognition, with a focus on the neuronal connections in the brain that are involved in mental processes. It investigates how the brain's neuronal circuits affect or control cognitive functions. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of psychology and neuroscience. Behavioral neuroscience, cognitive psychology, physiological psychology, and affective neuroscience are some of the areas that overlap. Cognitive neuroscience is concerned with the intersection of cognitive science theories, neurobiological evidence, and computer modelling. Psychophysics and social science experiments, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cognitive genomics Cognitive neuroscience approaches include behavioural biology and behavioural genetics. In addition, cognitive abilities that are dependent on brain growth are studied and researched in the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience. This depicts brain development over time, analysing variations and speculating about possible causes.

Neuroplasticity, which includes both synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity, is often referred to as brain plasticity or neural plasticity, and refers to improvements in neural pathways and synapses as a result of changes in behaviour, environment, neural processes, thought, and emotions, as well as changes in the body. The aim of this session is to learn about the latest advances in brain plasticity in neuritis remodelling and how to improve neural connections. Neurorehabilitation is a therapeutic method that aims to aid recovery from nervous system damage while also minimising or compensating for any functional changes that result.