5^th Global Respiratory and Pulmonologist Annual Meeting November 17-18, 2016 Dubai, UAE

Pulmonology is the subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with diseases of the lungs and bronchial tubes, which often involves evaluation of the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx and throat) as well as the heart. Not everyone who suffers from an acute respiratory condition or chronic respiratory diseases needs a pulmonologist. Many of these conditions can be managed by a general internist. Their skills are usually needed for patients with complex pulmonary problems, such as emphysema, tuberculosis, asthma, complicated infections of the chest, the pulmonary complications of AIDS, injury, and complications of respiratory diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Respiratory disease is a scientific terminology that comprises pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues which helps exchange of gas possible in sophisticated organisms, hereby including conditions of the, trachea, upper respiratory tract, pleural cavity, alveoli, bronchi, pleura, bronchioles and the nerves and muscles for breathing. Respiratory diseases range from minor and self-limiting, example: common cold, to mortal entities like lung cancer, bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. Respiratory diseases originate via various number of causes, which includes accidents, harmful lifestyles, such as smoking and inhalation of toxic agents. Any external factors like accidents or environmental irritants or gases which diminish the development of lung cause respiratory diseases.

Pediatric pulmonology is the branch of pulmonology in which the pulmonologists who are experts in the field, diagnose and treat children with different respiratory diseases like asthma, wheezing, bronchitis from their birth to their twenties. Generally parents get their children to pulmonologists with the fear of asthma whereas the child may be even diagnosed with sleep apnea in which the child forgets to breathe while sleeping or with cystic fibrosis which might be inherited causing excess accumulation of mucus in the lungs. Pediatric Pulmonologists comprise flexible fibrotic bronchoscopy (FFB) and pulmonary function testing to treat the patient. Pulmonary function testing is a non-invasive examination which can be conducted in various ways to work best for kids of various age groups. FFB consents pulmonologists to have a look inside the lungs with a fiber optic scope. This novel invasive procedure does not need surgery, but does require anesthesia. 

Interventional pulmonology referred to as progressive, insignificantly intrusive techniques which are used to analyze and treat lung, lung related diseases and airway infections. Slightly invasive means gaining access to the specific area which needs to be treated with the help of a very minor incision or else through an opening in the body, like the nose. Interventional pulmonologists are lung care experts who are specifically trained and are expertise in the field by using different tools and equipment without performing any surgeries. These highly skillful specialists make use of the most sophisticated, technologies and minimum invasive techniques are available to treat a wide-range of lung disorders and ailments. 

Tobacco smoking is injurious to health causing respiratory and lung diseases. Smoking any kind of nicotine, tobacco or drugs affects the respiratory system and the lung causing shortness of breath and cancers in the lungs. Both active smokers and passive smokers are at equal risk of getting affected with pulmonary disorders. Smoking is the supreme method of consuming tobacco, and tobacco is the most frequent substance smoked. The agronomic product is frequently assorted with additives and then combusted. The smoke vented which is then inhaled and the active substances are absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs. Hence combustion was conventionally improved by addition of other nitrates or potassium. Various constituents in cigarette smoke activate chemical reactions in nerves, which increases heart rate, among other things. Endorphins and Dopamine are released, which are often associated with pleasure becoming an addiction in turn affecting the lungs and the respiratory system.

Lung sarcoma is the uncontrolled progression of anomalous cells which appear in one or both lungs; usually in the cells which line the air ways. The odd cells do not grow into strong lung tissue, so they divide promptly forming tumors. As cancers develop adequately numerous, they weaken the lung’s capability to deliver oxygen to the blood stream. Cancers which remain in one place and do not spread are known as “benign tumors”. Malignant tumors are more dangerous it spreads to other parts of the body either through the bloodstream or either through the lymphatic system. Metastasis denotes to cancer diffusion to other parts of the body from the point of origin. However once cancer spreads it is tough to treat the tumor successfully. Origin of Primary lung cancer starts in the lungs, whereas secondary lung cancer gets originates in some other parts of the body which metastasizes, infecting the lungs. Hence both the primary and the secondary cancers are considered as diverse types of cancers and have distinct treatments. 

Pulmonary hypertension is an ailment of high blood pressure affecting the arteries in the lungs and also the right side of the heart. Pulmonary hypertension originates with petite arteries in the lungs, called pulmonic arteries, and also the capillaries become narrowed, obstructed or ruined. Hence this in turn makes it hard for the blood to flow through the lungs, rising pressure in the lung arteries. As the pressure in the lung escalates, the heart's inferior right chamber will have to function harder to pump blood through the lungs, gradually weakening the heart muscles and eventually leading to heart failure. Pulmonary hypertension is a severe ailment that becomes gradually worse and is some cases turns out to be fatal. While pulmonary hypertension is not curable, there are treatments available that can assist in diminishing the symptoms and improving the quality of life.

Pulmonary critical care and sleep medicine is a pulmonary, comprehensive lung and sleep disorders clinic. In this particular cater diseases such as lung cancer, shortness of breath, asthma. Sleep apnea is treated and quality care is given by the physicians to the patients such as parasomnias and narcoplesy. Few people with sleep apnea syndrome cannot breathe while sleeping and wake up with suffocating breath leading to choking. Sleep medicine is a subspecialty or medical specialty ardent to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. 

Imaging is the procedure and technique of creating optical illustrations of the internal body for medical analysis and clinical intervention, as well as photographic demonstration of the functioning of tissues or organs (physiology). Medical imaging is performed to reveal the interior structures hidden under the bones and skin, as well as to detect and treat ailment. Medical imaging institutes a databank of regular physiology and anatomy making it probable in identifying abnormalities. The various imaging techniques used in pulmonology are flexi rigid thoraco scope, bronchoscope with narrow band image, argon plasma coagulation, electro cautery snare, endobranchial ultrasound, adult and pediatric bronchoscope. These techniques are the novel treatments for the pulmonary disorders.

Identifying a disease, condition, disorder, or infection with the help of systematic analysis of the medical history of the individual, evaluation of the research, symptoms, examination of the signs   or test results, and examination of the presumed or apparent reasons. Active prognosis is not probable without effective diagnosis. Often, various investigative processes, such as diagnostic tests, are performed during the process. Recently there are many novel diagnosis techniques which have been invented to find out the exact symptoms and detect the ailment considering the medical history and inheritance. Novel diagnostic techniques like the use of biomarkers in identifying a disorder, spirometer is also, chest radiography, lung volume, and catheter based system treatment.

Cardiovascular exercise and cures are designed to assist patients so that they maintain and improve lung function. The primary goal of pulmonary therapies is to facilitate individuals to attain and conserve their supreme level of freedom and functioning. While most respiratory therapy platforms emphasize on individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, individuals with other kinds of lung ailment might get benefited as well. Pulmonary therapy programs may progress quality of life by increasing exercise tolerance, reducing shortness of breath, promoting a sense of well-being, decreasing the number of hospitalizations. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are usually conducted in an outpatient setting and in inpatient services, outpatient services which conducted in the person’s home whereas inpatient services take place in distinct rehabilitation centers. Inpatient services are specifically used for patients who are recovering from a hospitalization, usually because of a severe lung ailment. 

Pulmonary rehabilitation is considered as a vital part of the clinical management and maintaining the health of the patients with chronic lung ailment who continue being symptomatic or continue to have diminished role despite standard therapeutic treatment. The European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society defined pulmonary rehabilitation as a multidisciplinary, evidence-based, and comprehensive intervention for patients with prolonged respirational ailments who are indicative and usually have diminished day-to-day life activities. In general, pulmonic rehabilitation refers to a sequence of amenities that are administered to patients of respiratory sickness and their families, usually to attempt to progress the excellence of life for the patient. Pulmonary rehabilitation may be carried out in a variety of environments, in concurrence with the patient's requirements, and might or might not comprise pharmacologic intervention.