24^th Global Nephrologists Meet April 27-28, 2023 Rome, Italy

Chronic renal disorder (CKD) is manifested by abnormal albumin excretion or decreased kidney function, measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) continues for quite 3 months. CKD may result from a good array of distinct pathophysiologic processes related to abnormal kidney function and a progressive decline in GFR.The foremost common causes are diabetic nephropathy and hypertension. The direct management of CKD emphases on renin angiotensin aldosterone blockade and vital sign control. CKD may result in several complications like anaemia, mineral bone disease, acidosis, potassium and sodium imbalance, fluid imbalance, and malnutrition.

Nephrologist is a physician who studies and deals with nephrology. Nephrology is the adult and paediatric study of the kidneys and its diseases. The nephrologist deals with the diagnosis and management of kidney disease. It is a specialty of medicine that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy including dialysis and kidney transplantation.

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The Dialysis process has come to existence since the 1940s in order to treat patients suffering from kidney problems. This includes primarily two types of dialysis Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis. Haemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis usually carried out 3 days per week, with each session lasting around 4 hours. In Peritoneal dialysis, the fluid is pumped into the peritoneal cavity through the catheter. As the blood passes through the blood vessels lining the peritoneal cavity, all the unwanted elements and excess fluids are drawn out of the blood and into the dialysis fluid.

Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Each of the kidneys consists of about one million nephrons. Nephrons are tiny structures that filter unwanted particles from your blood. Diabetes can cause the nephrons to thicken and scar, which make them less able to filter waste and remove fluid from the body. This causes them to exude a type of protein called albumin into your urine. Albumin can also be sustained in diagnosing and determining the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Diet and Nutrition both play an important role for appropriate living and making a kidney function properly. If the functioning of kidney will obstruct due to some disease, it will also distress the nutrition intake of an individual .The major components which slow down the progress of chronic kidney diseases include reduced level of sodium intake, which will help in controlling blood pressure and managing diabetes.

This is the process of the filtration of the water and various wastes occurred in our body through the urinary system which drains out the wastes generated by our body every time. The urinary system consists of ureters, bladders and kidneys. In this process of normal urination, the urinary tract should work together in an order. Urological conditions comprises of kidney stones, urinary tract infections, bladder problems, and prostate problems and so on. The period of existence of some of the urologic problems  is either short span or long-lasting depending upon the disease.

Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is am imparement to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inciting kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease. Nephritis and nephrosis can give intensification to nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome respectively. Kidney disease habitually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function.