7th Obesity & Endocrinology Specialists Congress October 10- 12, 2016 Manchester, UK

Gabriela Correia de Faria Santarém completed his master\'s degree at the age of 33 years in the University of São Paulo Medical School and is a PhD student at the same University. She has published more articles related to obesity in renowned journals

Obesity is associated with mobility reduction due to mechanical factors and excessive body fat. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) has been used to assess functional capacity in severe obesity. Objective: To determine the association of BMI, total and segmental body composition with distance walked (6MWD) during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) according to gender and obesity grade. Setting: University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Public Practice. Methods: Functional capacity was assessed by 6MWD and body composition (%) by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 90 patients. Results: The mean 6MWD was 514.9 ± 50.3 m for both genders. The male group (M: 545.2 ± 46.9 m) showed a 6MWD higher (p = 0.002) than the female group (F: 505.6 ± 47.9 m). The morbid obese group (MO: 524.7 ± 44.0 m) also showed a 6MWD higher (p = 0.014) than the super obese group (SO: 494.2 ± 57.0 m). There was a positive relationship between 6MWD and fat free mass (FFM), FFM of upper limps (FFM_UL), trunk (FFM_TR) and lower limbs (FFM_LL). Female group presented a positive relationship between 6MWD and FFM, FFM_UL and FFM_LL and male group presented a positive relationship between 6MWD and FFM_TR. In morbid obese group there was a positive relationship between 6MWD with FFM, FFM_UL, FFM_TR and FFM_LL. The super obese group presented a positive relationship between 6MWD with FFM, FFM_TR and FFM_LL. Conclusions: Total and segmental FFM is associated with a better walking capacity than BMI.

Susmita Chandra has completed her Ph.D. during 2011 from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. She is working as a postdoctoral fellow at Cell Biology and Physiology Division of Indian Institute of Chemical biology. She has ten published papers in reputed journals and has presented her research contribution in a number of national and international conferences. Her previous and current research contribution encompasses mainly different areas of drug development studies.

Macrophage secretory products contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases by sensing danger signals from damaged cells under pathogenic inflammatory conditions like fatty liver or infection. Liver resident Kupffer cells activate inflammosome and caspase-1 to proteolyte cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. The endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), secreted by activated monocytes and macrophages binds to IL-1 receptors & prevents IL-1 from sending a signal to that cell. Our study is designed to understand the molecular basis of inflammatory condition developed during fatty liver diseases which regulates hepatocyte fat metabolism. Cultured human THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages and stimulated by LPS to treat with BSA-Palmitate. The cytokines in THP-1 conditioned media(CM) were profiled by ELISA or HPLC. HepG2 cells were treated with the CM & BSA-Palmitate. Fatty acid oxidation(FAO) was measured in HepG2. Fat deposition was qualitatively determined by Oil Red O and Triglyceride(TG) accumulation assay. Total RNA from HepG2 cells were isolated to profile gene expressions by RT qPCR. Some expressed proteins were determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. Recombinant IL-1 decreased FAO which was dose-dependently reversed by IL-1Ra in HepG2 cells. IL-1Ra enriched CM from LPS stimulated THP-1 macrophage increased rate of FAO and prevented IL-1 dependent decrease in FAO. The intracellular triglyceride levels were accordingly modulated. Thus, IL-1Ra has an important role in controlling the fat accumulation and its metabolism in HepG2 cells. Recombinant IL-1Ra can play a potential role in blocking inflammasome induced IL-1 dependent liver inflammation and combat the inflammatory condition developed during fatty liver diseases.

Marcela Rodríguez Flores Undertook a high specialty posgraduate course in Obesity at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán and participed in the development of a national primary care program for obesity for ISSSTE in Mexico. Her Masters project in Medical Science focused on the study of cerebrovascular reactivity in subjects with obesity. She is currently developing research on the cardiovascular effects of bariatric surgery and currently is under a clinical fellowship at Laval University, Québec, Canada to assess effects of gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, and sleeve gastrectomy versus medical treatment. Other areas of research are psychosocial promoters of obesity, glucose variability after gastric bypass, effects of exercise on the adipose tissue production of irisin, effect of surgery on microbiota and comorbidities, and disorders in body composition related with eating disorders

Background: Obesity is associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an estimate of the brain’s blood flow self-regulation and cerebrovascular health. Objective: To compare the CVR in 2011 and 2015 through transcranial Doppler (TCD) assessment in subjects with obesity, according with weight trajectories (weight gain [WG] ≥10%, weight loss [WL] ≥10%, and weight stable [WS] <5%) and type of treatment (bariatric surgery or medical treatment). Methods: TCD assessment in 2015 on subjects with obesity who underwent cerebrovascular evaluation in 2011 and who attend an Obesity Clinic. Clinical parameters included: Weight, body mass index (BMI), % body fat, fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin during a 2 hour glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, blood lipids, and cerebrovascular indexes 1) Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistance Index (RI), and 2) CVR (though the Breath Holding Index [BHI]). Changes were compared between weight trajectories and type of treatment. Results: We included 34 subjects (12% men, mean age 38.9±7 years, mean BMI 41.3±7 kg/m2). Despite improved BMI, body fat, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, and total cholesterol (p<0.05), subjects with bariatric surgery and those with WL ≥10%, had decrease in CVR (0.90±0.42 to 0.84±0.39, and 0.91±0.40 to 0.84±0.37) compared to WS subjects, (0.82±0.34 to 0.83±0.84). In WS subjects, PI and RI decreased significantly (0.87±0.11 to 0.75±0.11, and 0.55±0.05 to 0.50±0.05) in comparison with non-significant increase in the group with 10% WG (0.85±0.10 to 0.87±0.06, and 0.54±0.04 to 0.55±0.02, respectively). HbA1c and LDL- cholesterol were significantly correlated with PI and RI, but not after adjusting for BMI change. Conclusions: In patients with severe obesity without cardiovascular disease, significant weight changes were associated with reduced CVR and a tendency for increased PI and RI, in comparison with subjects who remained weight stable after 4 years of treatment. This shows relevant hemodynamic effect of weight changes on neurologic outcomes in people with obesity.