Farah Malik
University of the Punjab, Lahore
Title: Development and Validation of Indigenous Child Anger Expression Scale (CAES)
Biography
Biography: Farah Malik
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: The study was carried out to develop an indigenous measure of anger expression in children of Pakistan for providing thorough assessment of anger and its intensity in children both in children with emotional-behavioral problems as well as normal controls.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: It was mainly an exploratory in nature to ascertain the expression of anger especially in Pakistani cultural context though the convergent validity of the scale was determined with STAXI-2-C/A (Brunner & Speilberger, 2009). The study was carried out into 2 phases; in the first phase, a pool of 81 items was generated through 2 separate focus groups with parents and teachers, personal in-depth interviews with 21children and 4 child mental health professionals. In the second phase, psychometric properties of the scale were determined for that a sample of 405 children with the age range 9 to13 years (M =11.46, SD = 1.43) drawn from child psychiatric units of 3 hospitals (children with emotional-behavioral problem) and 2 public and 2 private schools (normal children) in Lahore.
Findings: the construct validity was determined computing principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaisar normalization that generated 4 factors structure for the scale. Monte-Carlo parallel analysis (Watkins, 2000) was applied for confirmation; factors were labeled as externalized anger, feeling of rejection, hostility & violence, and internalized anger for Child Anger Expression Scale (CAES). Convergent validity and Cronbach’s Alpha revealed excellent criterion related as well as internal consistency of the scale respectively.
Conclusion and Significance: Present study contributed with an indigenous tool to assess anger expression in children of Pakistan hat was dire need for unavailability of such tool in Pakistani language and cultural context for school as well as clinical child population.